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ILCAA Joint Research Project

Exploration into the Mechanism of Language Change and Variation through the Dialogue between Theoretical Linguistics, Linguistic Typology, and Quantitative Linguistics (jrp000271)

Exploration into the Mechanism of Language Change and Variation through the Dialogue between Theoretical Linguistics, Linguistic Typology, and Quantitative Linguistics

Keywords

  • language change and language variation
  • implicational universals
  • theoretical linguistics
  • linguistic typology
  • quantitative linguistics
  • interdisciplinary communication

Areas

  • Unspecified

Website

http://ling.human.is.tohoku.ac.jp/change/home.html

About the Project

Project term: April, 2021–March, 2024

  The structure of a language can undergo phonological, morphological, semantic, and syntactic changes. The micro-changes present within these larger changes are triggered by economic efficiency, innovation, linguistic contact, and additional factors. Over hundreds of years, these pressures can produce dramatic changes in a language. Intrinsically, a word’s phonological, morphological, semantic, and syntactic structures differ in their level of susceptibility to change; however, they interact with each other over long periods of time, which can cause a language to change at different speeds and to varying degrees. Therefore, this project systematically investigate the mechanisms that facilitate linguistic change and discusses how best to typologically classify languages in relation to language contact and change by collecting knowledge and data from researchers that specialize in various fields of linguistics, including theoretical linguistics (in particular: syntax, phonology, and semantics), linguistic typology, social linguistics, and historical linguistics.

Yoshiki OGAWA, Project Coordinator

Members

Coordinator

  • Yoshiki OGAWA

ILCAA Staff

  • Toshihide NAKAYAMA

Joint Researchers

  • Hirofumi AOKI
  • Hiroshi AOYAGI
  • Yasuaki ISHIZAKI
  • Hideki KISHIMOTO
  • Masako MAEDA
  • So MIYAGAWA
  • Satoshi NAMBU
  • Hiroyuki NAWATA
  • Shinichiro SANO
  • Yosuke SATO
  • Michinori SHIMOJI
  • Koji SUGISAKI
  • Yasunori TAKAHASHI
  • Tomoyuki TANAKA
  • Hisaki TOKIZAKI
  • Tomohiro YANAGI
  • Nobuko YONEDA

Outputs

Meetings

The 16th meeting ：Report (Japanese)

  • Date/Time: Fri 29 Mar 2024 9:00–17:50 - Sat 30 Mar 2024 10:00–16:15
  • Venue: 304, Online meeting
  • Language: Japanese
  • Jointly Sponsored by ILCAA, Language Change and Language Variation Research Unit, GSIS, Tohoku University

  • Thirteen members of the project will give their presentations in 35 minutes followed by 15 minutes of Q&A sessions or talk at a symposium in the first or second day, and Professor Narrog Heiko (Professor of Tohoku University) will give an invited lecture in the first day.

    For the program, please see here.
    Pre-registration is required.
    For registration, please see here.

The 15th meeting ：Report (Japanese)

  • Date/Time: Sat 23 Dec 2023 13:00–17:30
  • Venue: Online meeting
  • Language: Japanese
  • Jointly Sponsored by ILCAA, Language Change and Language Variation Research Unit, GSIS, Tohoku University

  • Three members of the project made their presentations on topics related to.

    A more specific program was as follows:

    1. 13:00–14:00 Nagisa HAYASHI (Tsuda University), Riko NAKAYAMA (Tsuda University), Yosuke SATO (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Tsuda University)
    “The Japanese Adjectival Conjugational Ending Drop Construction Revisited: Tenseless T, Eventual Evidentiality and Speech Act Phrase”
    2. 14:10–15:10 Tomohiro YANAGI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Chubu University)
    “What to Obtain and Not to Obtain from Corpora in English Historical Syntax”
    3. 15:20–16:20 Nobuko YONEDA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Osaka University)
    “Inchoative-Causative verb alternations in Swahili”
    4. 16:20–17:00
    Free discussion

The 14th meeting ：Report (Japanese)

  • Date/Time: Sat 23 Sep 2023 13:00–18:15 - Sun 24 Sep 2023 9:30–16:00
  • Venue: Online meeting
  • Language: Japanese
  • Jointly Sponsored by ILCAA, Language Change and Language Variation Research Unit, GSIS, Tohoku University

  • Nine members in this project (with two co-authors) and an invited speaker (Akinobu Yamada; Osaka University) are going to make their own presentations. The speakers among members will talk within 35 minutes, followed by respective Q&A sessions for 20 minutes. The invited speaker will talk within 60 minutes, followed by a Q&A session for 30 minutes. This meeting will be held in collaboration with the 11th workshop of the Language Change and Language Variation Research Unit.

    23 Sep
    1. 13:05–14:00　Hiroyuki NAWATA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Shimane University)
    “Single Language Parametric Variation and Syntactic Change: In View of the Development of Locative Inversion in English”
    2. 14:05–15:00　Yosuke SATO (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Tsuda University)
    “The Obligatory Contour Principle and obliteration at the syntax-phonology interface: With special reference to Indonesian”
    3. 15:20–16:15　Yupeng YUE (Tohoku University), Yoshiki OGAWA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Tohoku University)
    “Structural Ambiguity and Backward Binding of Chinese V-V Compounds of the Hu-Tsui ‘Drink-Drunk’ Type”
    4. 16:20–17:15　Hirofumi AOKI (ILCAA JointResearcher, Kyushu University)
    “A study of “onomatopoeia + suru” from a historical viewpoint”
    5. 17:20–18:15　Hisao TOKIZAKI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Sapporo University), Yasutomo KUWANA (Asahikawa Medical University)
    “Noun-Adjective order and the head directionality parameter”
    24 Sep
    1. 9:30–10:25　So MIYAGAWA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, NINJAL)
    “Phonetic Value of Vowel Letter Doubling in Old Nubian: From Corpus and Historical Linguistic Perspectives”
    2. 10:30–12:00　Akitaka YAMADA (Osaka University)
    “Statistical Methods in Diachronic Linguistic Research”
    3. 13:00–13:55　Michinori SHIMOJI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kyushu University)
    “Inclusives as a special category: with a special focus on Ryukyuan languages”
    4. 14:00–14:55　Tomohiro YANAGI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Chubu University)
    “On the Distribution of Dative (Pro)nouns in Active and Passive Sentences of Ditransitive Verbs”
    5. 15:00–15:55　Koji SUGISAKI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kwansei gakuin University)
    “On the Distinction between Case Markers and Postpositions in Child Japanese”
    For details, please see here.
    Pre-registration is required.
    For registration, please see here.

The 13th meeting ：Report (Japanese)

  • Date/Time: Sun 30 Jul 2023 13:00–17:30
  • Venue: Online meeting
  • Language: Japanese
  • Jointly Sponsored by ILCAA, Language Change and Language Variation Research Unit, GSIS, Tohoku University

  • Four members of the project made their presentations on topics related to phonology or syntax and semantics and the participants made discussion on the topics. The following languages and themes were at issue: Borrowing of medical terminology from the Arabic to Coptic languages, sociolinguistic factors on phonological reduction in Japanese and English, emergence of a new definition of Chinese tones, and wh-interrogative and focalization in Sinhalese.

    A more specific program was as follows:
    1. 13:00–14:00 So MIYAGAWA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, NINJAL), Sawy MONA (Assiut University)
    Loanword Phonology and Vowel Reconstruction in the History of the Egyptian Language
    2. 14:05–15:05 Satoshi NAMBU (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Monash University)
    Variation theory and Japanese: A corpus-based study on the variants ‘teiru’ and ‘teru’
    3. 15:15–16:15 Yasunori TAKAHASHI(ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kobe University)
    The new definition of Chinese tones
    4. 16:15–17:30 Hideki KISHIMOTO (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kobe University)
    Focusing and movement constraints in Sinhala questions

The 12th meeting ：Report (Japanese)

  • Date/Time: Sat 3 Jun 2023 13:00–18:00
  • Venue: Online meeting
  • Language: Japanese
  • Jointly Sponsored by ILCAA, Language Change and Language Variation Research Unit, GSIS, Tohoku University
  • The former session: 13:00–15:00
    In the former session, Prashant PARDESHI, an invited speaker from National Institute of Japanese Language and Linguistics is going to deliver his own presentation, under the following title:The World Atlas of Transitivity Pairs (WATP): What it reveals about the typology of transnitity pairs?. The speakers will talk within 90 minutes, followed by a Q&A session for 30 minutes.
    For the program, please see here.
    Pre-registration required.
    For registration, please see here.
    The latter session: 15:10–18:00 ＊The participants of this session are limited to the members.
    In the latter session, the following two pairs of speakers will give their 40 minute talks, followed by 30 minutes discussion:
    Hiroshi AOYAGI (Nanzan University)
    “Some Notes on Morphosyntax and Grammaticalization in Japanese and Korean”
    Yupeng YUE (Tohoku University), Yoshiki OGAWA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Tohoku University)
    “A preliminary study on the structural borrowing, (the loosening of) lexical strata, and constructionalization: with special reference to causative-inchoative alternation and the nominalizating suffix -sa in Japanese.”

The 11th meeting ：Report (Japanese)

  • Date/Time: Sun 19 Mar 2023 13:30–18:40 - Mon 20 Mar 2023 10:00–14:45
  • Venue: 304, Online meeting
  • Language: Japanese
  • Jointly Sponsored by ILCAA, Linguistic Change and Variation Research Unit, GSIS, Tohoku University

  • Eight members in this project and an invited speaker (Yoshio Endo; Kanda University of Foreign Languages) are going to make their own presentations. The speakers among members will talk within 35 minutes, followed by respective Q&A sessions for 15 minutes.The invited speaker will talk for 90 minutes, including the Q&A session.

    19 Mar
    1. Sinichiro SANO (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Keio University)
    “Corpus-Based Analysis of Ranuki: Phonological and Sociolinguistic Perspective”
    2. Michinori SHIMOJI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kyushu University)
    “Initial geminate onsets in Irabu Ryukyuan: a moraic-theory account and its typological implications”
    3. Yoshiki OGAWA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Tohoku University), Hiroyuki NAWATA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Shimane University)
    “Dative Subject Constructions as Individual-level Possessive Constructions and FinP”
    4. Yoshio ENDO (Kanda University of International Studies). [Invited Speaker]
    “The cartography of syntactic structures of interrogative sentences”
    5. Yasuaki ISHIZAKI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Nanzan University)
    “On the historical development of the so-called spray class locative alternation verbs in English”
    20 Mar
    1. Hisao TOKIZAKI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Sapporo University), Yasutomo KUWANA (Asahikawa Medical University)
    “Agglutinativity in implicational universals”
    2. Yasunori TAKAHASHI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kobe University), Kaiqiao CHEN (Kobe University)
    “Transitivity of verb-object compounds in Cantonese and Sino-Vietnamese”
    3. Koji SUGIZAKI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kwansei Gakuin University), Yoshiki OGAWA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Tohoku University)
    “The Acquisition of Right Periphery in Japanese: A Preliminary Study”
    4. Hideki KISHIMOTO (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kobe University)
    “On the peculiarity of naze questions”
    For details, please see here.
    Pre-registration required.
    For registration, please see here.

The 10th meeting ：Report (Japanese)

  • Date/Time: Thu 29 Jan 2023 13:30–17:30
  • Venue: Online meeting
  • Language: Japanese
  • Organized by The Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies (TUFS)

  • Under the topic of “optionality in language and language change” four members in this project are going to make their own presentation within 35 minutes, followed by respective Q&A sessions for 15 minutes. Thereafter, we will make a free discussion about the issue for abut 50 minutes.

    13:30–14:20 Hirofumi AOKI (ILCAA JointResearcher, Kyushu University)
    A study of “suru” in classical Japanese
    14:30–15:20 Masako MAEDA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kyushu University), Taichi NAKAMURA (Tohoku University), Kensuke TAKITA (Kyushu University)
    Predicate Doubling in Japanese and TP-deletion
    15:30–16:20 Hisao TOKIZAKI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Sapporo University), Yasutomo KUWANA (Asahikawa Medical University)
    The order of object, oblique & verb and case marking
    16:30–17:20 Nobuko YONEDA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Osaka University)
    “Swahilization” of Bantu Languages in Tanzania: The case of Matengo
    Discussants：Yoshiki OGAWA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Tohoku University), Satoshi NAMBU (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Monash University), Koji SUGISAKI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kwansei gakuin University)

The 9th meeting ：Report (Japanese)

  • Date/Time: Sun 27 Nov 2022 13:30–17:50
  • Venue: Online meeting
  • Language: Japanese
  • Organized by The Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies (TUFS)

  • Under the topic of “language change/variation and language acquisition,” four members in this project are going to make their own presentation within 30 minutes, followed by respective Q&A sessions for 15 minutes. Thereafter, we will make a free discussion about the issue for abut 60 minutes.

    13:30–14:00 Yosuke SATO (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Tsuda University)
    Input Indeterminacy and Syntactic Vulnerability: Interspeaker Variation in Transitive Subject Control Promise
    14:00–14:15
    Q&A
    14:20–14:50 Hiroshi Aoyagi (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Nanzan University)
    Remarks on -te in V1-te V2 serial verb constructions
    14:50–15:05
    Q&A
    15:10–15:40 Hideki KISHIMOTO (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kobe University)
    Secondary Predicates in Japanese: The Structure of Depictive and Resultative Predicates
    15:40–15:55
    Q&A
    16:00–16:30 Koji SUGISAKI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kwansei gakuin University)
    Partitive Constraint in Child English: A Preliminary Study
    16:30–16:45
    Q&A
    17:45–17:40 Discussants：Yoshiki OGAWA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Tohoku University), Toshihide NAKAYAMA (ILCAA), Hiroyuki NAWATA (The University of Shimane), Yasuaki ISHIZAKI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kyushu University), Shinichiro SANO (ILCAA Joint Researcher，Keio University)
    Free discussion on today’s theme

The 8th meeting ：Report (Japanese)

  • Date/Time: Sun 18 Sep 2022 10:00–17:50
  • Venue: Online meeting
  • Language: Japanese
  • Jointly sponsored by ILCAA, Linguistic Change and Variation Research Unit, GSIS, Tohoku University

  • Seven members in this project are going to make their own presentation for 35 minutes, which are followed by respective Q&A sessions for 15 minutes.

    10:05–10:55 So MIYAGAWA (Kyoto University)
    Lexical and Grammatical Borrowing through Language Contact with Greek in the History of the Egyptian Language
    11:00–11:50 Satoshi NAMBU (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Monash University)
    A quantitative approach to language variation: On case particle alternations
    13:00–13:50 Yosuke SATO (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Tsuda University)
    Endogenous Computational Variability and Grammars in Competition
    13:55–14:45 Hiroyuki NAWATA (The University of Shimane)
    Where Did English Headed Wh-relatives Come from? : A Reconsideration of the Free Relative Origin Hypothesis
    14:50–15:40 Tomohiro YANAGI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Chubu University)
    Dative Noun Phrases and Floating Quantifiers in Old and Middle English
    16:00–16:50 Toshiro MORI (Nagoya University), Yuki TOJO (Nagoya University), Tomoyuki TANAKA (Nagoya University), Yuta TANAKA (Chubu University)
    Revisiting the Historical Development of the Get-Passive:New Evidence from Data in Early English Books Online Corpus
    16:55–17:45 Yoshiki OGAWA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Tohoku University)
    On the Lexical and Grammatical Constructionalization of V-Neg-V Complex Predicates
  • Pre-registration required.
  • Please refer to this website for pre-registration and the details.

The 7th meeting ：Report (Japanese)

  • Date/Time: Sun 24 Jul 2022 14:00–17:30
  • Venue: Online meeting
  • Language: Japanese
  • Organized by ILCAA

  • Under the topic of “grammaticalization,” three members in this project are going to make their own presentation within 35 minutes, followed by respective Q&A sessions for 25 to 40 minutes.

    14:00–14:35 Yosuke SATO (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Tsuda University)
    “Neg Raising, Short-Circuited Implicature and Usage vs. Grammar: A Bridge Still That Far?”
    14:35–15:00
    Q&A
    15:05–15:40 Toshihide NAKAYAMA (ILCAA)
    “Expansion of a grammatical system: What development of a construction with and 'unacceptable' structure can tell us”
    15:40–16:25
    Q&A
    16:30–17:05 So MIYAGAWA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kyoto University)
    “Grammaticalization from “Say” verb to polysemous conjunction in Egyptian-Coptic”
    17:05–17:30
    Q&A
    Discussant: Tomohiro YANAGI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Chubu University), Yoshiki OGAWA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Tohoku University)

The 6th meeting ：Report (Japanese)

  • Date/Time: Sat 25 Jun 2022 14:00–17:30
  • Venue: Online meeting
  • Language: Japanese
  • Organized by ILCAA

  • Under the topic of “theories of catergories,” three members in this project are going to make their own presentation within 35 minutes, followed by respective Q&A sessions for 30 minutes.

    14:00–14:35 Yoshiki OGAWA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Tohoku University)
    Theories of Categories in Generative Grammar: With Special Reference to Prepositions
    14:35–15:05 Discussant: Hideki KISHIMOTO (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kobe University)
    Q&A
    15:10–15:45 Nobuko YONEDA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Osaka University)
    TBA
    15:45–16:20 Discussant: Yasuaki ISHIZAKI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kyushu University)
    Q&A
    16:25–17:00 Michinori SHIMOJI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kobe University)
    TBA
    17:00–17:30 discussant: Hideki KISHIMOTO (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kobe University), Yasuaki ISHIZAKI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kyushu University), Yasunori TAKAHASHI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Nanzan University)
    Q&A

The 5th meeting ：Report (Japanese)

  • Date/Time: Tue 8 Mat 2022 10:20–17:05
  • Venue: Online meeting
  • Language: Japanese
  • Admission: Free
  • Pre-registration is required. For registration, please see here.
  • Jointly sponsored by Linguistic Change and Variation Research Unit, GSIS, Tohoku University, Core Project “Linguistic Dynamics Science3 (LingDy3)”
  • Six members in this project are going to make their own presentation for 35 minutes, which are followed by respective Q&A sessions for 15 minutes.
    10:25-11:00 Yasuaki ISHIZAKI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Nanzan University)
    “On the Locative Alternation in Late Modern English”
    11:20-11:55 Masako MAEDA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Seinan Gakuin University)
    “On the Syntactic Properties and Language Change of Ga/No-Nominative Conversion in the Hichiku Dialect”
    13:10-13:45 Nobuko YONEDA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Osaka University)
    “Microvariation in subject properties across Bantu languages”
    14:05-14:40 Koji SUGISAKI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kwansei gakuin University)
    “UG and Child Language Acquisition: A Case Study on Wh-infinitives in Child English”
    15:15-15:50 Hisao TOKIZAKI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Sapporo University)
    “Linguistic Atlas and Linguistic Theory: Linguistic Atlas of Asia and WALS”
    16:10-16:45 Hideki KISHIMOTO (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kobe University)
    “On contractions in auxiliary verb constructions”

The 4th meeting ：Report (Japanese)

  • Date/Time: Sun 12 Dec 2021 14:00–17:30
  • Venue: Online meeting
  • Language: Japanese
  • Jointly sponsored by Linguistic Change and Variation Research Unit, GSIS, Tohoku University, Core Project “Linguistic Dynamics Science3 (LingDy3)”
  • 14:00-14:20 Satoshi NAMBU (ILCAA Joint Researcher，Monash University)
    Introduction to Variation Theory
    14:20-15:20 Satoshi NAMBU (ILCAA Joint Researcher，Monash University)
    “Corpus-based study on da-deletion in Japanese”
    15:25-16:25 Shinichiro SANO (ILCAA Joint Researcher，Keio University)
    “Overlap of phonological features and the effects of identity”
    16:30-17:30 All participants
    Discussion

The 3rd meeting/ The seventh workshop of the Linguistic Change and Variation Research Unit ：Report (Japanese)

  • Date/Time: Sun 5 Sep 2021 13:00–17:50 - Mon 6 Sep 2021 10:10–15:45
  • Venue: Online meeting
  • Jointly sponsored by Linguistic Change and Variation Research Unit, GSIS, Tohoku University, Core Project “Linguistic Dynamics Science3 (LingDy3)”

  • This event is cosponsored by the Linguistic Change and Variation Research Unit, based in Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University. We will hold a two-day workshop in which 10 members of the colaborative project “Exploration into the Mechanism of Language Change and Variation through the Dialogue between Theoretical Linguistics, Linguistic Typology, and Quantitative Linguistics”will make their presentations. The meeting will be open for general audience, with the expectation of participation of a large number of audience from multiple fields and active discussion between them and the speakers.

  • For the program, please visit here.
  • Language: Japanese
  • Admission: Free
  • Pre-registration required.
  • Please refer to this website for pre-registration and the details.

The 2nd meeting ：Report (Japanese)

  • Date/Time: Sun 18 Jul 2021 14:00–17:30
  • Venue: Online meeting
  • Language: Japanese
  • Jointly sponsored by Linguistic Change and Variation Research Unit, GSIS, Tohoku University, Core Project “Linguistic Dynamics Science3 (LingDy3)”

  • Five speakers among the members will deliver a talk about the definition of “words” and analyses of “compounds” in the field they each belong, followed by intensive discussions.

    1. Yoshiki OGAWA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kyushu University)
    “a view from generative syntax and diachronic construction grammar”
    2. Hisao TOKIZAKI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Sapporo University)
    “a view from syntax-phonology interfaces”
    3. Yosuke SATO (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Tsuda University)
    “a view from Distribute Morphology”
    4. Michinori SHIMOJI (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Kyushu University)
    “a view from typologist: with special reference to the Miyako language”
    5. Toshihide NAKAYAMA (ILCAA)
    “a view from usage-based model”

The 1st meeting ：Report (Japanese)

  • Date/Time: Sun 30 May 2021 14:00–18:00
  • Venue: Online meeting
  • Language: Japanese
  • Jointly sponsored by Linguistic Change and Variation Research Unit, GSIS, Tohoku University, Core Project “Linguistic Dynamics Science3 (LingDy3)”

  • Two talks were delivered by the project members, followed by comments by three discussants that had been allotted in advance. Thereafter, we had active discussions on the issue of grammaticalization in general.

    Speaker 1: Yosuke SATO (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Tsuda University)
    “Crossed-Control in Indonesian: When Passive Morphology Meets Auxiliarization”
    Speaker 2:Yoshiki OGAWA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Tohoku University)
    “The Grammaticalization of Hituyoo ‘Necessity’ and Its Categorial Ambiguity: What It Implies for the Typology of Possession Verbs”
    Discussants: Tomoyuki TANAKA (ILCAA Joint Researcher, Nagoya University), Yasuaki ISHIZAKI (ILCAA JointResearcher, Nanzan Univerisity), Hirofumi AOKI (ILCAA JointResearcher, Kyushu University)

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