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[Lithograph 20]
KAFILEH, WITH CAMEL BEARING THE HODEJH

 The Eastern Desert trade route from the Upper Nile valley to the Red Sea was also the route for pilgrimages to the Islamic holy cities, Mecca and Medina. It was the hawdaj(hodejh), depicted in the center of the lithograph, which protected female pilgrims, those riding their camels, from the strong sunlight and men's eyes. A lady is seated seen within the white covering that forms a semicircle above the camel's saddle. A sheepskin water bag flanks the saddle. This was an essential item when traveling in the desert. The man riding the mule on the left carries pistols.
 
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