Joint Research15Overview / 概要Joint Research / 共同研究Research Resources / 研究資源Training and Capacity Building / 研究者養成マレー語方言の変異の研究2017～2019年度 参加研究者数12名代表者:内海 敦子（明星大学） マレー語の変種は3億人近い話者人口を持ち、マレーシア、インドネシア、ブルネイで国家語として規範を持つと同時に各地で第一言語・第二言語として使用され、それぞれの地域の民族語と併用されることも多く、変化に富んでいる。本課題は、音韻・形態的特徴の変異からマレー語各方言の歴史的分岐の過程を解明し、民族語として発達してきた変種と通商用ピジンからクレオール化した変種の分布を明確化する。また各地の変異を一覧できるオンライン地図を作成し公開し、急激な変化を続けるマレー語の姿を記述することの重要性を示していく。チュルク諸語における膠着性の諸相 －音韻・形態統語・意味の統合的研究－2017～2019年度 参加研究者数18名代表者:佐藤 久美子（国立国語研究所） チュルク諸語は膠着性という形態論的特徴が注目されてきた。しかし、近年のチュルク諸語内の各言語の記述研究により、「語」という単位の認定が、音韻論的観点からは問題があること、また、チュルク諸語においては語（形態論）と文（統語論）の明確な線引きが困難であることが明らかになりつつある。そこで本プロジェクトでは、形態、音韻、統語、意味の全ての面から各言語の記述を精緻化することを通し、従来注目されてきた膠着性というチュルク諸語の特徴の本質と、チュルク諸語内の言語間の差異を明らかにすることを目指す。文法の動的体系性を探る （1）：文法の多重性と分散性2017～2019年度 参加研究者数19名代表者:中山 俊秀（AA研） 本研究は、一言語内に含まれる構造規則や文法パターンの多重性（多様な形式の併存）と分散性（局所的規則性）に焦点を当てる。従来の文法研究では、文法を一つの統一的な規則体系として捉えてきたが、実際の言語使用を見ると、構造パターンは使用環境によって大きく異なる。そこで本研究では、一言語の文法に内包されるバラツキが発音、語彙、形態法、統語法、文法変化など幅広い範囲の構造的規則に及び、その分布にも規則性が見いだせることを確認しつつ、内的多様性を本質的性質としてもつ新しい文法観・理論的枠組みの構築を目指す。A Research on Varieties of Malayic LanguagesProject term: Apr 2017 – Mar 2020; Number of participants: 12Coordinator: UTSUMI, Atsuko (Meisei University)The Malay language is spoken by nearly 300 million people in several countries. It is the national language of Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei and is treated as one of the official languages of Singapore. It is spoken as a rst or second language in places as far aeld as Sri Lanka and Thailand. It is rich in variety as it has been inuenced by other ethnic languages in multiglossic societies. This workshop aims to study the historical branching of Malay variants through their phonological/morphological features. The workshop also aims to clarify the geological distribution of the Malay language spoken by ethnic Malays and that of creolized Bazaar Malay. Varieties of each feature will be shown on online maps. The features include a basic lexicon and functional words, such as the pronominal system, aspect particles, negation words, and address terms. Through a survey, the importance of describing aspects of Malay variants that undergo radical changes will be demonstrated.Aspects of Agglutination in Turkic Languages: An Integrated Approach of Phonology, Morphosyntax and SemanticsProject term: Apr 2017 – Mar 2020; Number of participants: 18Coordinator: SATO, Kumiko (National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics)Turkic languages have been paid attention to their agglutinative morphology in typological studies. However, through the descriptive studies in recent years revealed that the qualication of a word as a morphological unit, which the linguistic typology as to morphology is based on, is not appropriate in phonological terms, and that morphology and syntax cannot be clearly distinguished in Turkic languages. Thus, it is necessary to reconsider morphological characteristics of Turkic languages from an integrated point of view of phonology, syntax in addition to morphology. In this project, the members share the outputs of their descriptive works, and elaborate the descriptions in all the aspects including phonology, syntax, and semantics in addition to morphology, and reveal the fundamental nature of agglutinative morphology which has been seen as the typological characteristics of Turkic languages, and idiosyncrasy of each language. Through the project, we aim to provide a typology of agglutinative languages in general.Exploration into Dynamicity of Grammar (1): Multiplicity and Distributedness in GrammarProject term: Apr 2017 – Mar 2020; Number of participants: 19Coordinator: NAKAYAMA, Toshihide (ILCAA) This project examines the reality and the nature of structural diversity within a grammatical system and considers the implications of this internal multiplicity for the general theory of grammar. Grammar is commonly assumed to take shape as an integrated system of general patterns. This integrated view has been serving as a dominant metaphor in our approach to grammar. Thus, the question of contextual variation has almost never been given serious treatment in the theoretical study of the grammatical system. The observed variations have typically been considered to be superficial, peripheral, and unessential phenomena that do not have any relevance to how the system of grammar is built. This project questions this integrated view and explores an alternative view of grammar where grammar is thought to consist of multiple overlapping but separate systems. According to this view, the observed structural variations are direct reflections of multiplicity in grammar. We will explore this multiplicity in grammar by examining two different kinds of contextual variations: (1) variations with respect to major structural principles including word order and grammatical markings and (2) subregularities found in the system (i.e., patterns and regularities that are local to a particular genre or context).
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