27【近世イスラーム国家と周辺世界】2014～2016年度 参加研究者数23名代表者：近藤 信彰（AA研） 歴史的に多元的な社会を保持してきたイスラーム圏は、16－18世紀において、オスマン朝・サファヴィー朝・ムガル朝という大帝国によって統治された。「柔らかい専制」などともよばれるその統治体制は、この地域に一定の平和と繁栄をもたらした。世界史的には、未だにヨーロッパ勢力の世界進出の影として扱われがちな、これらの帝国の統治体制とそれらを取り巻く世界との関係を、文書史料等の原史料に基づいて比較検討し、その特質を明らかにするのが、本課題の目的である。年３回程度の研究会を開催し、さまざまな史料に基づく研究成果を共有し、その総合化を図る。また、扱われる原史料のなかでは、特にオスマン文書史料を重視し、年１回のオスマン文書セミナーを開催する。また、予算が許せば、研究者を招聘し、国際ワークショップ等を開催する。成果は、共同研究員が執筆する論集のほか、史料校訂・翻訳などの出版によって、公開する。The Ottomans, the Safavids, and the Mughals were three early modern Islamic empires that ruled over vast regions for more than 200 years. These empires had a standing army with firearms and a well-organized bureaucracy. The ruling system of the empires was supported by multi-ethnic people. These empires brought peace to the Mediterranean region, West Asia and South Asia for a long time. This project focuses on the relationship between these three empires and the surrounding world. Although there are many scholars of world history, and an increasing number of new researchers, most studies still focus on European exploration to Asia and America and were mainly based on the documents from the East Indian Companies. Also, researchers of these three empires have a tendency to focus on one specific empire for their research. The project takes all these three empires and neighboring regions into consideration. The comparison of three empires and the neighboring regions’ images of the empires are the main focus of this project. Philological studies of non-Western sources such as Ottoman and Persian sources are important for this project. Three meetings will be held each year to discuss aspects of the relationship between the empires and the neighboring regions. The researchers will have a seminar on Ottoman Archival sources and publish not only a collection of papers but also text editions and translations of the Islamic sources.【シティズンシップと政治参加ー移民／難民によるコミュニティ形成と社会福祉への影響の比較研究ー】2014～2016年度 参加研究者数15名代表者：錦田 愛子（AA研） 越境移動を日常とする人々の存在は20世紀のグローバル化以降増大し、さまざまな法的地位や目的をもち、制度を利用しながら移動を続ける多様な形態がみられる。本課題ではそうした人々を移民／難民と呼び、彼らの存在が国家とその社会福祉政策、またコミュニティに与える影響を考察する。居住地域における生活環境や、社会福祉の状態に対して、移民／難民はどのように参画し、意思決定にどのように影響を与え得るのか。この問いに対して、ただ移民政策という国家の視点から捉えるのではなく、移民／難民自身が地域社会でもちうるシティズンシップという視点から捉えることで、より多面的な分析を試みる。Many more people migrate crossing borders in the 20th century and they have different types of legal statuses and purposes of movement. They take advantage of different kinds of travel documents and regulations of states for further travels. In this project, we call those people “migrants-refugees” and investigate their influence on the community development and social welfare of the host countries. This is the research project based on the achievement from the former term “Citizenship for Migrants and Refugees: A Comparative Study of Institutions and Practices of Inclusion and Exclusion from Nation-States”, and investigate with specific focus on the political participation of migrants-refugees. How do they commit to social environment surrounding them, and to what extent their existence can affect the social welfare of their residential countries? In order to answer these questions, the study focuses not only on the immigration policy of each country, but also on roles of citizenship as membership of the local communities, and tries multi-dimensional analysis about the issue. / 研究資源 / 研究者養成 / 共同研究 / 概要of t he social life of Ancient China. This project attempts to revive these precious witnesses of Ancient society by taking into account the variety of non-textual information carried by Wood and Bamboo slips and tablets, without, of course, neglecting the organic connection between their social functions and the characters written on them. In this project, specialists of research fields as different as archeology, paleography, history, and law come together and share their expertise in search for a new boundary-crossing approach to these authentic eyewitnesses of Ancient Chinese society.定である。また、新史料の講読を通じて、我々の方法論の有効性を実証しつつその理論化を図る。研究課題の三年目には、AA研の言語研修の場を借りて簡牘セミナーを開催し、若手研究者に研究課題の成果を伝授することに努める。
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