OverviewJoint ResearchResearch ResourcesTraining and Capacity Building19Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA)the Indian Ocean seems essential in this regard.How to deal with the historical sources is essential for this research. We must make good use of written sources in the parts of Africa where Islam is dominant, but other records such as those in Ethiopia, for instance, are also examined. Examining the possibility of colonial records and missionary records from a new perspective is also a part of our task. Relationship between these written sources and oral sources will be a focal point of this research. Throughout the research project the viewpoint of gender will be given great importance. It will help us to nd new sources, both written and oral, and to reconsider the dominant division of time and space in African history.Multi-disciplinary Study on Islam and Cultural Diversity in Southeast AsiaProject term: April, 2011 – March, 2014Coordinator: TOKORO, Ikuya This project examines the inherent nature of Islam in Southeast Asia, which is becoming more socially inuential in local contexts as well as investigating the effect of the trans-national Islamic revival and other related trends in local culture and society by utilizing multiple elds/research methods (history, anthropology, political science, international relations, jurisprudence, and religious studies), by including specialists.Citizenship for Migrants and Refugees: A Comparative Study of Institution and Practices about Inclusion and Exclusion from Nation-StatesProject term: April 2011 – March 2014Coordinator: NISHIKIDA, AikoThe purpose of this project is to clarify the current development of migration in light of the complex acquisition of citizenship and residency to investigate inclusion and exclusion of migrants and refugees from nation-states. In pursuit of this aim, we will consider the idea of nationality, membership in the nation-state, citizenship, and the potential rights of citizens that usually accompany nationality separately, and will explore the possibility of unilateral development for each. Modern phenomena such as those activated transnational movements and the prevalence of supra-national associations illuminate the difficulty of coping with human mobility by each country separately. It has become irrelevant to consider migrants and refugees as deviant factors of societies; instead, new ideas are required to understand their situation. Thus, the research questions will be: Is it possible to expect citizenship without nationality? How do the current nation-states tackle the issues of nationality and citizenship? What is the relationship between citizenship and national identity? We will invite scholars who share an interest in these questions and investigate them through comparative study of institutions, and policies and practices about citizenship.Early Modern Islamic States and Plural SocietiesProject term: April, 2011 – March, 2014Coordinator: KONDO, Nobuakia. Japan has a number of researchers who are studying Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal history. However, these researchers are scattered throughout the country, which makes exchange of information difcult. The project offers researchers an opportunity to meet and exchange research information. It also encourages the exchange of information with Researchers from abroad. The project will contribute to the development of this eld of study.b. The project aims to create a synthesis of previous studies. Although some excellent individual studies concerning these empires have been done in the past ten years, there has been little effort to create a synthesis. We will try to put these individual studies into a wider context.c. The project is designed as a comparative study. The circumstances of Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal studies were quite different. Ottoman studies are based on extensive archives, while Safavid studies still rely on narrative sources such as court chronicles. New Safavid sources are edited and published constantly while Mughal sources are rarely published. However, these empires inherited a tradition of Turk-Mongol statecraft as well as a Persian system of bureaucracy. Therefore, information on one empire will help with the analysis of the other empires.
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