OverviewJoint ResearchResearch ResourcesTraining and Capacity Building15Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA)We consider the following four points: (1) how to describe the verbal inflection of languages that makes no distinction between the predicates of the main and subordinate clauses, (2) how to analyze the diversity of the functions of verbals, (3) (especially with regard to participles) how to distinguish between derivation (derivational nominalization) and inflection (inflectional nominalization), and (4) what the relationship is between the characteristics of adjectives and the functions of verbals. We aim to clarify the above points and suggest the diversity and cross-linguistic features of verbals using the primary data that individual co-researchers collected through their eldwork.Investigation into the Possibilities and Implications of a Usage-based Approach to GrammarProject term: April, 2013 – March, 2016Coordinator: NAKAYAMA, ToshihideThis project aims to build a new descriptive and theoretical research framework that effectively captures the dynamicity of linguistic system. In traditional descriptive and theoretical linguistic research, linguistic system (grammar) as a system of knowledge has been assumed to be independent of how language is used in actual discourse. As a result, grammar has been analyzed and modeled without paying much attention to the reality of language use. Recently, however, studies especially those in the area of language change show that language use in fact shapes grammatical patterns (supposedly a reection of grammatical knowledge), and validity of separating linguistic system from language use has been questioned.In spoken discourse, the choice of linguistic forms is affected not only by their grammatical makeup but also by pragmatic and interactional factors. The patterns and regularities observed there do not necessarily follow expectations held in traditional research: the patterns and regularities in spoken discourse are commonly much smaller scale or fragmentary; and spoken discourse contains patterns that cannot be explained on the basis of grammatical structure. In this project, we will explore an alternative research framework that can account for the synchronic patterns and the dynamic aspects of linguistic structure as an integral whole.A Crosslinguistic Study of Nominalizer-nal Constructions: The ‘Cogitation Process’ ApproachProject term: April, 2013 – March, 2016Coordinator: TSUNODA, Mie (Rissho University)The Japanese language contains a construction that has the following structure:[Clause] Nominalizer Copula.The nominalizer slot is occupied by the nominalizer =no, and the copula slot by =da. This construction is known as ‘the =no=da construction’, and has a wide range of uses. Mie Tsunoda (2004) proposed a model called ‘the cogitation process model to account for the varied uses of the =no=da construction. According to this model, when a person observes a situation, that person goes through the following four phases and utters the =no=da construction at Phase 4.Phase 1: Recognition of a situation.Phase 2: Question about the situation.Phase 3: Conjecturing an answer.Phase 4: Finding the answer. In a stretch of discourse, that person may go through the four phases for the second time, and even for the third time. That is, the four phases may be repeated cyclically. This model provides a systematic and coherent account of this construction’s various uses, such as in simplex sentences, complex sentences, and discourse.A nominalizer-final construction, which resembles the Japanese =no=da construction, occurs in several languages of Asia, such as Amdo Tibetan, Burmese, Central Tibetan, Korean, Mongolian, Newar, and Sibe. In these languages, the nominalizer-final construction is acknowledged, but its uses have not been sufficiently investigated. The present project mainly aims (i) to investigate the functions of this construction in these languages, and, (ii) to furnish contributions to general linguistics, particularly to discourse study.
元のページ ../index.html#17