12Core Research ProgramsCore Research ProgramsCore Research Programs represent the current axes of Joint-Research in ILCAA. In 2010 we set up the four Core Research Programs below.http://www.aa.tufs.ac.jp/en/projects/Linguistic Dynamics Science ResearchLeader: NAKAYAMA, ToshihideMembers: HOSHI, Izumi. KUREBITO, Tokusu. SAWADA, Hideo. SHIOHARA, Asako. WATANABE, Honoré. The goal of this program is to advance research on the nature of structural diversity among human languages and on the complex dynamics that shape the linguistic structure.Diversity and dynamics are aspects that have been signicantly underestimated, or ignored, in mainstream theoretical linguistic studies.Traditionally, languages have been assumed to share a large part of the basic structure as Universal Grammar. However, a gradually increasing number of descriptive grammars on under-documented languages suggest that structural variation among human language is much deeper and more complex than we ever expected.Language as a system has generally been considered to be autonomous. That is, the properties of the linguistic system are independent of external functional forces, including socio-cultural, historical, and pragmatic forces. Such a view has begun to be questioned recently in the research on language change and on use of grammar within discourse.If we take the results of descriptive and usage-based research seriously, we need to reevaluate and reformulate the traditional theoretical framework. This project aspires to build a new, realistic theoretical framework for capturing the nature of human language.This program is run in coordination with the Linguistic Dynamics Science Project (LingDy).The Anthropological Explorations into the Linkage of Micro-Macro PerspectivesLeader: FUKAZAWA, HideoMembers: KAWAI, Kaori. MIO, Yuko. NISHII, Ryoko.NISHIKIDA, Aiko. ODA, Jun’ichi. SHIINO, Wakana. TAKACHIO, Hitoshi. TAKASHIMA, Jun. TOKORO, Ikuya. TSUDA, Koji. Most of eld researches in cultural/social anthropology until 1970’s were carried out in relatively small and isolated communities. In recent years, however, anthropological themes on macro perspective vary from nation states and “the modern world system” to globalism/ transnationalism. On the other hand, another subjects on micro perspective such as habitus, affordances, tacit knowledge, intercorporality and so on which are focused upon an individual’s body are more and more prevalent. Under these theoretical backgrounds, we think that anthropologists must attempt to construct a new anthropological perspective which will be able to sublate the profound dichotomy between individual and society, structure and agency. Therefore the main subject of our anthropological core program aims to graft and integrate the macro perspective theory and the micro perspective theory, or to explorate the linkage of micro-macro perspectives.Human Mobility and Formation of Plural Societies in the Middle East and the Muslim WorldLeader: KUROKI, HidemitsuMembers: IIZUKA, Masato. KONDO, Nobuaki. NISHII, Ryoko. NISHIKIDA, Aiko. ODA, Jun'ichi. TAKAMATSU, Yoichi. TOKORO, Ikuya. This project explores the meaning and reality of “plurality” in the societies of the Middle East and the Muslim world by focusing on the historical development of human mobility and the contemporary dynamism of Muslim- Non-Muslim relations.Extending the scope of research from the Middle East to South East Asia, we study the following subjects: historical development of the pluralistic composition of societies; networking and moral-constructing functions of Islam; social impact of migration and diaspora; and Core Research Programs
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