Studies on the Historical Iran World(Coordinator: YAJIMA Hikoichi) The objective of this project is to clarify, from an historical perspective, what Iranian elements are there within the framework of "the greater Iran". We try to place in clear relief the Iranian elements in their totality by localizing Iran, historical as well as contemporary, afresh in the Islam world and the others (Arab, Turkish, Kurdish, Indian, etc.). We intend, as a result, not only to specify the Iranian elements but also to propose a new direction of the Islamic studies. During the first three years of the project we started locating the basic problems through those case studies to be presented by the participants, and in the final year of 2001, we will be expected to propose a new framework for helping us understand the peoples, the cultures, and the history of the historical Iran world.State and Religion in Post-Independence African Countries(Coordinator: OGAWA Ryo) The aim of this project is (a)to describe and analyze the relationship, in the contemporary African countries, among the State organization and Religion and to see how these institutions cooperate to govern the people or, on the contrary, contend with each other, and (b) to try to have a future perspective of each country. The actual situation of the State and Religion in Africa will be examined by the following tentative themes: What roles did traditional religions, Islamic religion and Christianity play in African countries? What roles did they play for the national union after the independence of each country? Does existence of two different religions in one country, viz., Islam and Christianity constitute any impeding factor for the national union? If so, how? What are the functions people hope for the religions to play in each country at this moment of general democratization in Africa?Historical Development of International Relations in the Islamic World: A Case Study of the Ottoman Empire (Coordinator: KUROKI Hidemitsu) This project aims to clarify the process of development of the international relations in the Islamic world, focusing on the case of the Ottoman Empire. The Empire had occupied the core- area of the Islamic world for as long as six hundred years and thus contained rich documented information about its international relations. We analyze the reality of the Ottoman relations with the states in Europe, Russia, Central Asia, Iran, India, and inland Africa. The international relations here include the social and cultural interactions between those countries as well as the formal diplomatic relationships. We also discuss various subjects such as the relation between international treaties and Islamic laws, the reality of war and security, the composition of diplomats, the roles of interpreters, the influences of pilgrimages, and the international negotiations on trade and customs. All of these items will be researched from diversified points of view and be located in the context of the long Western Asian history. We plan to present a new framework for the understanding of the modern international politics through this project.Al-Afghani and Modern History of the Muslim World(Coordinator: IIZUKA Masato) Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (d.1897), now considered as a Persian, was one of the most influential figures in the modern Muslim World. He visited many Muslim countries including 7
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