Rajakumar (Myazadi) Inscription Pillar A, Pali face

Original Pali text

Morphologically analyzed text

The meaning of stems; with voice, tense, aspect, mood etc. in verbs

Person(V), Number(N/A/V), Gender(A), Case(N/Pron/A)

English translation; the portion corresponding to the line in question is written in red.

♦ The transliteration system of Bagan period Mon-Burmese script is shown here. (Still under construction, sorry!)

♦ - indicates stem-ending boundary, + indicates compounding.

♦ The abbreviations used here are: ABS=absolutive, AOR=aorist, CAUS=causative, FUT=future, IMP=imperative, INF=infinitive, IPF=imperfect, OPT=optative, PPP=passive past participle, PRP=present participle, PRS=present, QUOT=quotation marker, REL=relative pronoun.

♦ The abbreviations used here are: 1/2/3=1st/2nd/3rd person; SG=singular, PL=plural; M=masculine, F=feminine, N=neuter; NOM=nominative, ACC=accusative, GEN=genitive, DAT=dative, INS=instrumental, ABL=ablative, LOC=locative.

♦ English translation is based on Taw Sein Ko & Chas Duroiselle(ed.) Epigraphia Birmanica, being Lithic and Other Inscriptions of Burma Vol I., Part I. Superintendent, Government Printing, Rangoon, Burma. 1919(repr.1972). pp.48-49.

l.01 || Shrii || bud=dhaa_di_kaM wat=thu_wa_raM na_mi_twaa pun~=n~aM ka_taM yaM ji_na_saa_
|| Shrii || buddh(a)+aadika-M vatthu+vara-M nami-tvaa pun~n~a-M ka-ta-M yaM jina+saasana-smiM
|| prosperity || buddha+being_the_first object+excellent bend_down-ABS merit do-PPP REL conqueror+dispensation
||   || -ACC -ACC   -ACC -NACC NACC -LOC

Prosperity ! Having bowed to the Buddha and the other (two) Excellent Objects, I shall relate the noble work of merit performed in the Conquerors's dispensation, by Rajakumara. Hearken to me!

l.02 sa_nas=miM @a_naa_ri_kaM raa_ja_ku_maa_ra_naa_ma_dhey=ye_na wak=khaa_
-- anaarika-M raajakumaara+naama+dheyy-ena vakkhaa-mi
-- noble? Rajakumara+name+assigning sayFUT
-- -NACC -INS -1SG

Prosperity ! Having bowed to the Buddha and the other (two) Excellent Objects, I shall relate the noble work of merit performed in the Conquerors's dispensation, by Rajakumara. Hearken to me!

l.03 mi su_naa_tha me taM || nib=baa_naa lo_ka_naa_thas=sa @aT=Tha_wii_
-- sunaa-tha me taM || nibbaan-aa lokanaatha-ssa aTThaviisa+adhik-e
-- hearIMP 1SG 3SG || Nirvana the_Lord_of_the_World twenty_eight+in_addition
-- -2PL DAT NACC || -ABL -GEN -LOC

Prosperity ! Having bowed to the Buddha and the other (two) Excellent Objects, I shall relate the noble work of merit performed in the Conquerors's dispensation, by Rajakumara. Hearken to me!
When one thousand six hundred and twenty-eight years had elapsed after the Nirvana of the Lord of the World,

l.04 saa_dhi_ke ga_te sa_has=se pa_na was=saa_naM cha_sa_te waa pa_re ta_
-- ga-t-e sahass-e pana vassaa-naM chasat-e vaa par-e tathaa
-- go-PPP thousand and year six_hundred or before thus
-- -LOC -LOC   -PLGEN -LOC   -LOC  

When one thousand six hundred and twenty-eight years had elapsed after the Nirvana of the Lord of the World,

l.05 thaa || @a_ri_mad=da_na_naa_mas=mi pu_re @aa_si ma_hab=ba_lo raa_jaa
-- || arimaddana+naam-asmi pur-e aas-i mahabbal-o raajaa
-- || Arimaddana+having_the_name_of city beAOR having_a_great_power king
-- || -LOC -LOC -3SG -MNOM -NOM

Tibhuvanaadicca, a powerful king and scion of the exalted solar race, became king in the city called Arimaddana.

l.06 ti_bhu_wa_naa_dic=co u_dic=caa_dic=ca_waM_sa_jo || tas=saa_se_
tibhuvanaadicc-o udicca+adicca+vaMsaj-o || tass(a) aas(-i) ek-aa
Tribhuvanadicca noble+sun+born || 3SG beAOR one
-NOM -MNOM || MDAT -3SG -FNOM

Tibhuvanaadicca, a powerful king and scion of the exalted solar race, became king in the city called Arimaddana.
He had a beloved queen, Tilokavatamsikaa (by name), who was benevolent and skilful in all the affairs of the king.

l.07 kaa pi_yaa de_wi saa ti_lo_ka_wa_TaM_si_kaa hi_
-- piy-aa devi saa tilokavaTaMsikaa hites-ii
-- beloved queen 3SG Tilokavatamsika desiring_another's_welfare
-- -FNOM -NOM FNOM -NOM -FNOM

He had a beloved queen, Tilokavatamsikaa (by name), who was benevolent and skilful in all the affairs of the king.

l.08 te_sii ku_sa_laa sab=ba_kic=ce_su pa_na raa_ji_no || ta-
-- kusalaa sabba+kicce-su pana raaj-ino || tass(aa)
-- clever all+work and king || 3SG
-- -FNOM -PLLOC   -GEN || FDAT

He had a beloved queen, Tilokavatamsikaa (by name), who was benevolent and skilful in all the affairs of the king.
She had a son, Rajakumara by name, a minister, zealous in (the management of) the affairs of state, prudent and wise.

l.09 -s=saa_se_ko su_to raa_ja_ku_maa_ro naa_ma naa_ma_
-- aas(-i) ek-o sut-o raajakumaar-o naam-a naamato
-- beAOR one son Rajakumar name by name
-- -3SG -MNOM -NOM -NOM -NOM  

She had a son, Rajakumara by name, a minister, zealous in (the management of) the affairs of state, prudent and wise.

l.10 to @a_mac=co raa_ja_kic=ce_su byaa_wa_to sa_ti_maa
-- amacc-o raaja+kicc-esu byaavat-o satimaa
-- minister king+work engaged_in prudent
-- -NOM -PLLOC -MNOM -NOM

She had a son, Rajakumara by name, a minister, zealous in (the management of) the affairs of state, prudent and wise.

l.11 wi_duu || @a_daa gaa_mat=ta_yaM tas=saa de_wi_yaa so ma_
viduu || ad-aa gaama+ttaya-M tassaa devi-yaa so mahiipati
wise || giveAOR village+triad 3SG queen 3SG king
-MNOM || -3SG -ACC FDAT -DAT MNOM -NOM

She had a son, Rajakumara by name, a minister, zealous in (the management of) the affairs of state, prudent and wise.
The king, graciously disposed towards the queen, gave her three villages for her to enjoy, for life, the revenues (accruing from) the slaves (thereof).

l.12 hii_pa_ti pa_san=no sab=ba_daa daa_sa_pa_ri_bho_ge_na bhun~=ji_tuM
-- pasan-n-o sabbadaa daasa+paribhog-ena bhun~ji-tuM
-- devoted-PPP everyday slave+material_for_enjoyment enjoy-INF
-- -MNOM   -INS  

The king, graciously disposed towards the queen, gave her three villages for her to enjoy, for life, the revenues (accruing from) the slaves (thereof).

l.13 || @a_nic=ca_taa_wa_saM tas=saa ga_taa_ya pa_na de_wi_yaa raa_
|| aniccataa+vas-aM tassaa ga-taa-ya pana devi-yaa raaj-a
|| unstability+control 3SG go-PPP and queen king
|| -NOM FDAT -GEN   -GEN -NOM

Now, upon the death of the queen, the king again made those three villages over to Rajakumara

l.14 ja raa_ja_ku_maa_ras=sa @a_daa gaa_mat=ta_ya pu_na || @aT=Tha_wii_sa_
-- raajakumaara-ssa ad-aa gaama+ttaya(M) puna || aTThaviisati
-- Rajakumara giveAOR village+triad again || twenty_eight
-- -DAT -3SG -ACC   || -ACC

Now, upon the death of the queen, the king again made those three villages over to Rajakumara.
On the king, after having ruled righteously for twenty-eight years, being seized with a mortal illness,

l.15 ti was=saa_ni raj=jaM dham=me_na kaa_ri_ya maa_ra_nan=ti_ka_ro_gas=sa
-- vassaa-ni rajja-M dhamm-ena kaari-ya maaranantika+rog-assa
-- year kingship good_conduct doCAUS-ABS mortal?+illness
-- -PLACC -ACC -INS   -GEN

On the king, after having ruled righteously for twenty-eight years, being seized with a mortal illness,

l.16 wa_saM pat=te na_raa_dhi_pe || sa_ran=to dham=ma_raa_jas=sa ma_han=taM gu_
vasa-M pat-t-e nara+adhip-e || sara-nt-o dhammaraaja-ssa mahanta-M guNa+san~caya-M
control attain-PPP man+ruler || remember-PRP the_king_of_righteousness great virtue+quantity
-ACC -LOC -LOC || -MNOM -GEN -MACC -ACC

On the king, after having ruled righteously for twenty-eight years, being seized with a mortal illness,
He (Rajakumara), remembering the numerous and great favours of the righteous king, had a beautiful image of the Buddha made all in gold.

l.17 Na_san~=ca_yaM kaa_re_twaa sat=thu_no bim=baM sab=ba_so_waN=Na_
-- kaare-tvaa satthu-no bimba-M sabba+sovaNNaya-M
-- doCAUS-ABS master image entirely+golden
--   -GEN -ACC -NACC

He (Rajakumara), remembering the numerous and great favours of the righteous king, had a beautiful image of the Buddha made all in gold.

l.18 yaM su_bhaM || ga_he_twaa taM ma_han=te_na sak=kaa_re_na su_maa_na_so
-- subha-M || gahe-tvaa taM mahant-ena sakkaar-ena sumaanas-o
-- beautiful || take-ABS 3SG great honour joyful
-- -NACC ||   NACC -MINS -INS -MNOM

He (Rajakumara), remembering the numerous and great favours of the righteous king, had a beautiful image of the Buddha made all in gold.
And, carrying it with great pomp, and well pleased (with his meritorious act), approached unto the presence of the king and told him of his intention:

l.19 u_pa_sang=kam=ma raa_jaa_naM @aa_ha cin=ti_ta_mat=ta_no || bhaa_gaM ka_twaa_
upasaGkam-ma raaj-aanaM aah-a cintita-m atta-no || bhaaga-M ka-tvaan(a)
approach-ABS king sayIPF thought self || part? do-ABS
-- -PLDAT -3SG -ACC -GEN || -ACC  

And, carrying it with great pomp, and well pleased (with his meritorious act), approached unto the presence of the king and told him of his intention:
"On your Majesty's behalf, I have made this beautiful golden image of the Master; deign, my lord, to rejoice in this excellent work of merit!

l.20 ni_daM sat=thu_bim=baM so_waN=Na_yaM su_bhaM @a_kaa_siM wo wa_
-- idaM satthu+bimba-M sovaNNaya-M subha-M akaas-iM vo vara-M
-- this_thing master+image golden beautiful doAOR 2PL excellent
-- ACC -ACC -NACC -NACC -1SG DAT -NACC

"On your Majesty's behalf, I have made this beautiful golden image of the Master;
deign, my lord, to rejoice in this excellent work of merit!

l.21 raM pun~=n~aM saa_mi tum=he nu_mo_da_tha || gaa_mat=ta_yaM pi wo
-- pun~n~a-M saam-i tumhe (a)numodha-tha || gaama+ttaya-M pi vo
-- merit my_lord 2PL rejoice-IMP || village+triad also 2PL
-- -ACC -VOC NOM 2PL || -NOM   INS

deign, my lord, to rejoice in this excellent work of merit!
The three villages which you formerly gave me, I have dedicated to this image; at this also rejoice!"

l.22 saa_mi pub=be din=nan=tu me @a_haM imas=se_wa mu_nin=das=sa de_mi ta-
saam-i pubbe din-nan tu me ahaM imass(a) eva muninda-ssa de-mi taM
lord formerly give-PPP now 1SG 1SG this_thing only the_great_sage givePRS 3SG
-VOC   -NNOM   DAT NOM DAT   -GEN -1SG NACC

The three villages which you formerly gave me, I have dedicated to this image; at this also rejoice!"

l.23 -n~=caa_nu_mo_da_tha || e_waM wut=te ma_hii_paa_lo ro_ge_
-- ca anumoda-tha || evaM vut-t-e mahiipaal-o rog-en(a)
-- also rejoice-IMP || thus say-PPP king disease
--   2PL ||   -LOC -NOM -INS

The three villages which you formerly gave me, I have dedicated to this image; at this also rejoice!"
On this being said, the king, (though) his mind was troubled by disease, rejoiced and, pleased and delighted, exclaimed: "Good! good!"

l.24 naa_tu_ra_maa_na_so saa_dhu saa_dhuu ti wa_twaa_na tuT=Tha_hat=tho
-- aatura+maanas-o saadhu saadhuu ti va-tvaana tuT-Tha+hat-th-o
-- affected+having_the_intention_of good good QUOT say-ABS satisfy-PPP+glad-PPP
-- -MNOM -NOM -NOM     -MNOM

On this being said, the king, (though) his mind was troubled by disease, rejoiced and, pleased and delighted, exclaimed: "Good! good!"

l.25 pa_mo_di_to || da_yaa_pa_ro ma_haa_the_ro the_ro mug=ga_li_
pamod-it-o || dayaa+par-o mahaather-o ther-o muggaliputtak-o
rejoice-PPP || compassion+ Chief_Monk Monk Muggaliputtaka
-MNOM || -MNOM -NOM -NOM -NOM

On this being said, the king, (though) his mind was troubled by disease, rejoiced and, pleased and delighted, exclaimed: "Good! good!"
The compassionate Chief Monk, the thera Muggaliputtaka, Sumedha the wise, so called on account of his wisdom,

l.26 put=ta_ko su_me_dhat=ta su_me_dho ti lad=dha_naa_mo ca paN=Di_to
-- sumedh-atta sumedh-o ti lad-dha+naam-o ca paNDit-o
-- wise-??? Sumedha QUOT obtain-PPP+name now wise_man
-- -??? -NOM   -NOM   -NOM

The compassionate Chief Monk, the thera Muggaliputtaka, Sumedha the wise, so called on account of his wisdom,

l.27 brah=ma_paa_lo ta_thaa brah=ma_de_wo sam=pan=na_sii_la_waa so_no
brahmapaal-o tathaa brahmadev-o sampan-na+siilavaa son-o
Brahmapala thus Brahmadeva succeed-PPP+virtuous Sona
-NOM   -NOM -MNOM -NOM

Brahmapala, likewise Brahmadeva the virtuous, Sona, the learned and eminent scholar called Sanghasena:

l.28 ba_hus=su_to saM_gha_se_na_w=ho wa_ra_paN=Di_to || e_te_saM pa_
bahussut-o saMghasena+vh-o vara+paNDit-o || etesaM pana
very_learned Sangghasena+? excellent+wise_man || these_things and
-NOM -NOM -NOM || DAT/GEN  

Brahmapala, likewise Brahmadeva the virtuous, Sona, the learned and eminent scholar called Sanghasena:
In the presence of these monks (the king), well pleased, poured the libation on the ground, taking the earth to witness.

l.29 na bhik=khuu_naM saM_mu_khaa so su_maa_na_so ja_laM paa_te_si ka_twaa_na sa-
-- bhikkh-uunaM saMmukhaa so sumaanas-o jala-M paates-i ka-tvaana sakkh-iM
-- monk in_front 3SG joyful water throw_offAOR do-ABS witness
-- -PLDAT/GEN   MNOM -MNOM -ACC -3SG   -ACC

In the presence of these monks (the king), well pleased, poured the libation on the ground, taking the earth to witness.

l.30 -k=khin=tu wa_su_dhaa_ta_laM || ta_to so taM ma_haa_mac=co bim=baM so_wa-
-- tu vasudhaa+tal-aM || tato so taM mahaamacc-o bimba-M sovaNNaya-M
-- now earth+surface || thence 3SG 3SG chief_minister image golden
--   -ACC ||   MNOM NACC -NOM -ACC -NACC

In the presence of these monks (the king), well pleased, poured the libation on the ground, taking the earth to witness.
Then, the minister enshrined the beautiful golden image and built (over it) a shrine surmounted by a golden spire.

l.31 -N=Na_yaM su_bhaM pa_tiT=Thaa_pi_ya kaa_re_si gu_haM kan~=ca_na_thuu_pi_kaM ||
-- subha-M patiTThaapi-ya kaares-i guha-M kan~cana+thuupika-M ||
-- beautiful establishedCAUS-ABS doCAUSAOR cave gold+spire ||
-- -NACC   -3SG -ACC -ACC ||

Then, the minister enshrined the beautiful golden image and built (over it) a shrine surmounted by a golden spire.

l.32 ka_twaa_na mang=ga_laM bud=dha_pa_ti_maa_ya gu_haa_ya ca @a_kaa_se_waM pa_Nii_
ka-tvaana maGgala-M buddha+patimaa-ya guhaa-ya ca akaas(-i) evaM paNiidhaan-aM
do-ABS festival Buddha+image cave now doAOR thus aspiration
-- -ACC -GEN -GEN   -3SG   -ACC

Having performed the dedication ceremony for the Buddha-image and the shrine, he (Rajakumara), weary of repeated birth, made the following aspiration:

l.33 dhaa_naM nib=bin=no bha_wa_sang=ka_te || ka_ron=te_na ma_yaa e_taM yaM pu-
-- nibbinn-o bhava+saGka-(n)t-e || karo-nt-ena mayaa etaM yaM pun~n~a-M
-- got_wearied_of state_of_existence+transmigrate-PRP || do-PRP 1SG this_thing REL merit
-- -MNOM -LOC || -MINS INS NOM NNOM -NOM

Having performed the dedication ceremony for the Buddha-image and the shrine, he (Rajakumara), weary of repeated birth, made the following aspiration:
"May this meritorious work, performed and accumulated by me, be the cause of my attaining Supreme Enlightenment!

l.34 n~=n~aM taM sa_maa_ci_taM ho_tu sab=ban~=n~u_ta_n~aa_Na_pa_ti_we_dhaa_
-- taM samaacitaM ho-t-u sabban~n~uta+n~aaNa+pativedh-aaya
-- 3SG accumlate-PPP? exist-INF omniscience+wisdom+attainment
-- NNOM NNOM   -DAT

"May this meritorious work, performed and accumulated by me, be the cause of my attaining Supreme Enlightenment!

l.35 ya pac=ca_yo || yat=ta_kaa tu ma_yaa daa_saa gaa_mat=ta_ya_ni_waa_
-- paccay-o || yattak-aa tu mayaa daasaa gaama+ttaya+nivaas-ino
-- cause || however_much but 1SG slave village+triad+living
-- -NOM || -NOM   INS -PLACC -GEN

"May this meritorious work, performed and accumulated by me, be the cause of my attaining Supreme Enlightenment!
Whosoever, be he my son, or grandson, or any other relative with evil intent and unbelieving mind
should oppress those slaves, dwellers in the three villages, whom I have dedicated to the shrine and the golden image of the Great Sage,
may this vile person be precluded from beholding Metteya, the Chief of men!"

l.36 si_no din=naa gu_haa_ya so_waN=Na_pa_ti_maa_ya ma_he_si_
-- din-naa guhaa-ya sovaNNa+patim-aaya mahesi-no
-- give-PPP cave gold+image the_great_sage
-- -PLACC -DAT -DAT -GEN

Whosoever, be he my son, or grandson, or any other relative with evil intent and unbelieving mind
should oppress those slaves, dwellers in the three villages, whom I have dedicated to the shrine and the golden image of the Great Sage,
may this vile person be precluded from beholding Metteya, the Chief of men!"

l.37 no || put=to me waa pa_put=to waa @an~=n~o waa pa_na n~aa_
-- || putt-o me vaa paputt-o vaa an~n~-o vaa pana n~aatak-o
-- || son 1SG or grandson or other or and kinsman
-- || -NOM GEN   -NOM   -MNOM     -NOM

Whosoever, be he my son, or grandson, or any other relative with evil intent and unbelieving mind
should oppress those slaves, dwellers in the three villages, whom I have dedicated to the shrine and the golden image of the Great Sage,
may this vile person be precluded from beholding Metteya, the Chief of men!"

l.38 ta_ko yo ko_ci paa_pa_saM_kap=po na_ro @as=sad=dha_
-- yo koci paapasaMkapp-o nar-o assaddha+maanas-o
-- REL someone evil_thought man unbelieving+having_the_intention_of
-- -MNOM -MNOM -MNOM -NOM -MNOM

Whosoever, be he my son, or grandson, or any other relative with evil intent and unbelieving mind
should oppress those slaves, dwellers in the three villages, whom I have dedicated to the shrine and the golden image of the Great Sage,
may this vile person be precluded from beholding Metteya, the Chief of men!"

l.39 maa_na_so || ka_rey=yu_pad=du_waM te_saM daa_saa_naM so na_raa_dha_mo
-- || kar-eyy(a) upadduva-M tesaM daasaa-naM so naraadham-o
-- || do-OPT misfortune 3PL slave 3SG wicked_man
-- || 3SG -ACC DAT -PLDAT MNOM -NOM

Whosoever, be he my son, or grandson, or any other relative with evil intent and unbelieving mind
should oppress those slaves, dwellers in the three villages, whom I have dedicated to the shrine and the golden image of the Great Sage,
may this vile person be precluded from beholding Metteya, the Chief of men!"

l.40 met=tey=ya_di_pa_din=das=sa das=sa_naM naa_thi_gac=cha_tuu
metteyya+dipadinda-ssa dassana-M na adhigacchat-uu
the_coming_Buddha+Enlightened_one sight not attain-AOR
-GEN -NOM   -3SG

Whosoever, be he my son, or grandson, or any other relative with evil intent and unbelieving mind
should oppress those slaves, dwellers in the three villages, whom I have dedicated to the shrine and the golden image of the Great Sage,
may this vile person be precluded from beholding Metteya, the Chief of men!"

l.41 ti || * ||
ti || * ||
QUOT || * ||
-- || * ||

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