Rajakumar Inscription Pillar A, Burmese face, text

Rajakumar (Myazadi) Inscription Pillar A, Burmese face

Original text in Bagan Period Burmese

Text accomodated to the modern orthography

English translation; the portion corresponding to the line in question is written in red.

♦ The transliteration system of Bagan period Mon-Burmese script is shown here. (Still under construction, sorry!)

♦ The transliteration system of Modern Burmese is shown here (but only in Japanese).

♦ Abbreviations used in the grosses are as follows: ATTR=attributive marker, CLF=classifier, CONJ=conjunctive subordinate clause marker, EMPH=emphatic particle, EUPH=euphonic particle attached to verbs, FUT=particle conveying future meaning, GEN=genitive marker, NMZR=nominalization marker, OPT=optative particle, PAST=particle conveying past meaning, PLR=plural particle, RLS=realis sentence marker, TITLE=ecclesiastical title, TOP=topic particle.

♦ English translation is based on Taw Sein Ko & Chas Duroiselle(ed.) Epigraphia Birmanica, being Lithic and Other Inscriptions of Burma Vol I., Part I. Superintendent, Government Printing, Rangoon, Burma. 1919(repr.1972). pp.25-26.

l.01	\|\| Shrii \|\| na_mo_bud=dhaa_ya \|\| pu_rhaa_s=khang' saa_sa_naa @a_nhac' ta-

	\|\|	Shrii	\|\|	na_mo_bud=dhaa_ya	\|\|	bhu_raa:sa_khang'	saa_sa_naa	@a_nhac'	ta-
	#	prosperity	#	honour_to_Buddha	#	Buddha-lord	religion	year	one

Prosperity! Honour to the Buddha!
One thousand six hundred and twenty-eight years of the Buddha's religion having elapsed,
Sri Tribhuwanadityadhammaraj became king in this city of Arimaddanapur.

l.02	-c'thong' khrok'ryaa nhac'chaay' het'nhac' lon'_

	-c'thong'	khrok'raa	nhac'chay'	rhac'nhac'	lwan'_
	---thousand	six-hundred	two-ten	eight-CLF	pass-

One thousand six hundred and twenty-eight years of the Buddha's religion having elapsed,
Sri Tribhuwanadityadhammaraj became king in this city of Arimaddanapur.

l.03	_liy'brii_ra_kaa \|\| iiy' @a_ri_mad=da_na_pur' maN~'su praN~'_

	_le_prii:ra_kaa:	\|\|	ii	@a_ri_mad=da_na_pur'	maN~'so	praN~'_
	-EUPH-finish-CONJ	#	this	Arimaddanapur	be_named-ATTR	city-

One thousand six hundred and twenty-eight years of the Buddha's religion having elapsed,
Sri Tribhuwanadityadhammaraj became king in this city of Arimaddanapur.

l.04	_nhik'@aa \|\| Shrii tri_bhu_wa_naa_di_tya_dham=ma_raaj' maN~'su ma-

	_\nh'@aa:	\|\|	Shrii	tri_bhu_wa_naa_di_tya_dham=ma_raaj'	maN~'so	ma-
	-in	#	prosperity	Tribhuvanadityadhammaraja	be_named-NMZR	king

Sri Tribhuwanadityadhammaraj became king in this city of Arimaddanapur.

l.05	-ng' phlac'e@' \|\| thiw' mang'e@' paay'ma_yaa ta-

	-ng':	phrac'\i'	\|\|	thui	mang':\i'	pay'ma_yaa:	ta-
	--	become-RLS	#	that	king-GEN	beloved_wife	one-

Sri Tribhuwanadityadhammaraj became king in this city of Arimaddanapur.
A beloved wife of that king was called Trilokavatamsaka-devi.

l.06	-c'yok'su_kaa tri_lo_ka_wa_TaM_sa_kaa_de_wii

	-c'yok'so_kaa:	tri_lo_ka_wa_TaM_sa_kaa_de_wii
	---CLF-NMZR-TOP	Trilokavatamsakadevi

A beloved wife of that king was called Trilokavatamsaka-devi,

l.07	maN~'e@' \|\| thiw' paay'ma_yaa saa ta_mu_leh' raa_ja_

	maN~'\i'	\|\|	thui	pay'ma_yaa:	saa:	ta_muu_laN~':	raa_ja_
	be_named-RLS	#	that	beloved_wife	son	as_for	Rajakumar

A beloved wife of that king was called Trilokavatamsaka-devi,
and that beloved wife had a son named Rajakumar.

l.08	_ku_maar' maN~'e@' \|\| thiw' mang'kaa kyon' suM_rwoh'_

	_ku_maar'	maN~'\i'	\|\|	thui	mang':kaa:	kywan'	suM:rwaa_
	--	be_named-RLS	#	that	king-TOP	slave	three-village-

and that beloved wife had a son named Rajakumar.
The king gave that beloved wife three villages of slaves.

l.09	_teh' paay'ma_yaa_@aa piy'e@' \|\| thiw' paay'ma_

	_taN~':	pay'ma_yaa:@aa:	pe:\i'	\|\|	thui	pay'ma_
	-EMPH	beloved_wife-to	give-RLS	#	that	beloved_wife

The king gave that beloved wife three villages of slaves.
That beloved wife having died,

l.10	_yaa sii=y_kha'ra_kaa \|\| thiw' paay'ma_yaa tan'chaa_nhang=@' thi-

	_yaa:	se_khaY.ra_kaa:	\|\|	thui	pay'ma_yaa:	tan'chaa_nhang'.	thui
	--	die-PAST-CONJ	#	that	beloved	ornament-with	that

That beloved wife having died,
the king gave her ornaments and the three villages of slaves to her son, named Rajakumar.

l.11	-w' kyon' suM_rwoh'su_nhang=@'teh' thiw' paay'ma_yaa

	--	kywan'	suM:rwaa_so_nhang'.taN~':	thui	pay'ma_yaa:.
	--	slave	three-village-NMZR-with-EMPH	that	beloved_wifeGEN

the king gave her ornaments and the three villages of slaves to her son, named Rajakumar.

l.12	saa@(')saa raa_ja_ku_maar' maN~'so_@aa mang' piy'tuM_

	saa:	raa_ja_ku_maar'	maN~'so_@aa:	mang':	pe:tuM_
	son	Rajakumar	be_named-NMZR-to	king	give-again-

the king gave her ornaments and the three villages of slaves to her son, named Rajakumar.

l.13	_e@' \|\| thuiw' mang' @a_nhac' nhac'chaay' het'nhac' mang' muu_bri_ruu-

	_\i'	\|\|	thui	mang':	@a_nhac'	nhac'chay'	rhac'nhac'	mang':	muu_prii:\rw'
	-RLS	#	that	king	year	two-ten	eight-CLF	king	do-finish-CONJ

In the presence of the king who, having reigned twenty-eight years, had become sick even unto death,

l.14	-y=@'e@' siy'kha_muu naa_su_rhow'nhik'teh' \|\| thuiw' raa_ja_ku_

	--	se_kha_muu	naa_sa_ro_\nh'taN~':	\|\|	thui	raa_ja_ku
	--	die-about_to	be_sick-ATTR-time-in-EMPH	#	that	Rajakumar

In the presence of the king who, having reigned twenty-eight years, had become sick even unto death,
the son of the beloved wife, who was named Rajakumar,

l.15	_maar' maN~'su paay'ma_yaa saa mi_mii_keiw' muy'so mang'_

	_maar'	maN~'so	pay'ma_yaa:	saa:	mi_mi_kuiy'	mwe:so	mang':_
	--	be_named-ATTR	beloved_wife	son	self-body	nourish-ATTR	king-

the son of the beloved wife, who was named Rajakumar, calling to mind the favours of the king who had nurtured him,

l.16	_grii klaN~=jo ok'mi_ra_kaa \|\| rhuy'@a_ti_su pu_rhaa_s=khang' @a_

	_krii:	kye:juu:	@ok'me.ra_kaa:	\|\|	rhwe_@a_ti_so	bhu_raa:sa_khang_	@a_
	-great	favour	recall-CONJ	\|\|	gold-pure-ATTR	Buddha-lord	image

the son of the beloved wife, who was named Rajakumar, calling to mind the favours of the king who had nurtured him,
made an image of the Buddha all in gold

l.17	_chang' plu_ruy=@'e@' nhap'liy'su_rhow'teh' iy'si-

	_chang'	pru\rw'	nhap'le_sa_ro_taN~':	ii_sui.
	--	make-CONJ	dedicate-EUPH-ATTR-time-EMPH	this-like

the son of the beloved wife, who was named Rajakumar, calling to mind the favours of the king who had nurtured him,
made an image of the Buddha all in gold and, approaching unto his presence, spoke thus :

l.18	-@' min=@'e@' \|\| iy' rhuy'pu_rhaa_kaa nga_ s=khang(') @a_phei@' @a_ti@'_

	--	min'.\i'	\|\|	ii	rhwe_bhu_raa:kaa:	ngaa.	sa_khang'.	@a_phui.	@a_tui._
	--	sayHON-RLS	#	this	gold-Buddha-TOP	my	lordGEN	sake	we-

l.19	_kyon' plo@'su_teh' \|\| kyon' suM_rwoh' @a_tui@'kyo-

	_kywan'	pru_so_taN~':	\|\|	kywan'	suM:rwaa	@a_tui.kywa-
	slave	make-NMZR-EMPH	\|\|	slave	three-village	we-slave

"I, your slave, made this golden Buddha for my lord ;
the three villages of slaves which my lord gave me, I give to this golden Buddha."

l.20	-n' nga s=khang' piy'su_saN~'kaa iy(') rhuy(')pu_rhaa_@aa @a_tui@'kyo-

	-n'	ngaa.	sa_khang	pe:so_saN~'kaa:	ii	rhwe_bhu_raa:@aa:	@a_tui.kywa-
	--	my	lord	give-NMZR-TOP-TOP	this	gold-Buddha-to	we-slave

the three villages of slaves which my lord gave me, I give to this golden Buddha."

l.21	-n' piy'ye@' \|\| thiw' rhow'teh' mang' nhac(')klui@'ra_kaa kong'_

	-n'	pe:\i'	\|\|	thui	ro_taN~':	mang':	nhac'kruik'ra_kaa:	kong':_
	--	give-RLS	#	that-time-EMPH	king	be_delighted-CONJ	good-

the three villages of slaves which my lord gave me, I give to this golden Buddha."
In its presence the king, being delighted, said : "Good, Good!"

l.22	_lheng=@'teh' kong'lheng=@'teh' min=@'ruy=@'e@' sang^gri_

	_lhyang'.taN~':	kong':lhyang'.taN~':	min'.\rw'	sang'krii:_
	-EUPH-EMPH	good-EUPH-EMPH	sayHON-CONJ	TITLE-

In its presence the king, being delighted, said : "Good, Good!" and,
in the presence of the Chief Monk,

l.23	_ma_haa_ther' \|\| sang^grii_mug=ga_li_put=ta_tis=sat=ther' \|\| sang^grii_su_

	_ma_haa_ther'	\|\|	sang'krii:mug=ga_li_put=ta_tis=sat=ther'	\|\|	sang'krii:su_
	-chief_monk	#	TITLE-Muggaliputtatissatther	\|\|	TITLE-

in the presence of the Chief Monk, Muggaliputtatissatther, Sumedha-Pandit, Brahmapal, Brahmadiw, Son and Sanghasena uiarapandit, the king poured water.

l.24	_me_dha_paN=Dit' \|\| sang^grii_bra_hma_paal' \|\| sang^grii_bra_hma_di-

	_me_dha_paN=Dit'	\|\|	sang'krii:bra_hma_paal'	\|\|	sang'krii:bra_hma_de_
	Sumedhapandit	#	TITLE-Brahmapal	#	TITLE-Brahmadiw

in the presence of the Chief Monk, Muggaliputtatissatther, Sumedha-Pandit, Brahmapal, Brahmadiw, Son and Sanghasena uiarapandit, the king poured water.

l.25	-w' \|\| sang^gri_son' \|\| sang^grii_sang^gha_se_na_wa_ra_paN=Di-

	_wa	\|\|	sang'krii:son'	\|\|	sang'krii:sang^gha_se_na_wa_ra_paN=Di-
	--	#	TITLE-Son	#	TITLE-Sangghasenawarapandit

in the presence of the Chief Monk, Muggaliputtatissatther, Sumedha-Pandit, Brahmapal, Brahmadiw, Son and Sanghasena uiarapandit, the king poured water.

l.26	-t' \|\| thuiw' s=khang'tui@' @a_mhok'teh' mang' riy' son'e@' \|\|

	-t'	\|\|	thui	sa_khang'tui.	@a_mhok'taN~':	mang':	re	swan':\i'	\|\|
	--	#	that	lord-PLR	presence?-EMPH	king	water	pour-RLS	#

in the presence of the Chief Monk, Muggaliputtatissatther, Sumedha-Pandit, Brahmapal, Brahmadiw, Son and Sanghasena uiarapandit, the king poured water.

l.27	thiw' brii_ra_kaa thuiw' raa_ja_ku_maar' maN~'su pay'ma_yaa@(') saa

	thui	prii:ra_kaa:	thui	raa_ja_ku_maar'	maN~'so	pay'ma_yaa.	saa:
	that	finish-CONJ	that	Rajakumar	be_named-ATTR	beloved_wifeGEN	son

This being done, the son of the beloved wife enshrined the golden Buddha,

l.28	thiw' rhuy'pu_rhaa thaa_pa_naa_ruy=@'e@' iy' rhuy' @a_thot' muu_so

	thui	rhwe_bhu_raa:	thaa_pa_naa\rw'	ii	rhwe	@a_thwat'	muu_so
	that	gold-Buddha	enshrine-CONJ	this	gold	spire	make-ATTR

This being done, the son of the beloved wife enshrined the golden Buddha,
and made the cave(-pagoda) with the golden spire,

l.29	kuu plo@'e@' \|\| plo@'brii_ra_kaa iy' kuu_pu_rhaa lhot'_

	guu	pru\i'	\|\|	pru_prii:ra_kaa:	ii	guu_bhu_raa:	lhwat'_
	cave-pagoda	make-RLS	#	make-finish-CONJ	this	cave-pagoda	dedicate-

and made the cave(-pagoda) with the golden spire.

l.30	_su_rhow'nhik'teh' \|\| sak'mu_na_lon' tac'rwoh' \|\| ra_paa-

	_sa_ro_\nh'taN~':	\|\|	sak'mu_na_lwan'	tac'rwaa	\|\|	ra_pa-
	-ATTR-time-in-EMPH	\|\|	Sakmunalon	one-village	#	Rapay

After that, when dedicating this cave-pagoda,

l.31	-y' tac'rwoh' \|\| hen'buiw' tac'rwoh' \|\| iy' kyon'

	-y'	tac'rwaa	\|\|	rhan~'bui	tac'rwaa	\|\|	ii	kywan'
	--	one-village	#	Shinbo	one-village	#	this	slave

and made this shrine Buddha, he brought up (the folk of) Sakmunalon, one village, Rapay, one village, Shinbo, one village, these three villages of slaves

l.32	suM_rwoh' yo_ruy=@'e@' \|\| thuiw' raa_ja_ku_maar' maN~'su pay'_

	suM:rwaa	yuu\rw'	\|\|	thui	raa_ja_ku_maar'	maN~'so	pay'_
	three-village	take-CONJ	#	that	Rajakumar	be_named-ATTR	belove_wifeGEN

and made this shrine Buddha, he brought up (the folk of) Sakmunalon, one village, Rapay, one village, Shinbo, one village, these three villages of slaves
and he, the son of the beloved wife, poured water for this shrine and Buddha

l.33	_ma_yaa@' saa iy(') kuu_pu_rhaa_@aa riy' son'ruy=@'e@' iy'sei-

	_ma_yaa.	saa:	ii	guu_bhu_raa:@aa:	re	swan':\rw'	ii_sui.
	--	son	this	cave-pagoda-to	water	pour-CONJ	this-like

and he, the son of the beloved wife, poured water for this shrine and Buddha, and thus said :

l.34	-@' min=@'e@' \|\| iy' ngaa @a_mho@'kaa sar^b=ba_N~u_ta_N~aa-

	--	min'.\i'	\|\|	ii	ngaa.	@a_mhu_kaa:	sab=ba_N~u_ta_N~aa-
	--	sayHON-RLS	#	this	my	deed-TOP	omniscience

and he, the son of the beloved wife, poured water for this shrine and Buddha, and thus said :
"Let this deed of mine be the cause of my obtaining Omniscience!

l.35	-N' praj=N~aa ra_@am=@'suu @a_krong' phlac'ciy=@'teh' \|\| nga

	-N'	pa_N~aa	ra_@aM.so	@a_krong':	phrac'ce_taN~':	\|\|	ngaa.
	--	wisdom	obtain-FUT-ATTR	cause	become-OPT-EMPH	#	my

"Let this deed of mine be the cause of my obtaining Omniscience!
After me, (whosoever) whether (he be) my son, or grandson, or relative, or any other person,

l.36	nong'@aa nga saa laN~'gong' \|\| nga mliy' laN~'gong' \|\| nga @a_chu-

	nong'@aa:	ngaa.	saa:	laN~':kong':	\|\|	ngaa.	mre:	laN~':kong':	\|\|	ngaa.	@a_chwe
	afterward-in	my	son	or	#	my	grandson	or	#	my	relative

After me, (whosoever) whether (he be) my son, or grandson, or relative, or any other person,

l.37	-y' laN~'gong' \|\| suu_tac'thuu laN~'gong' \|\| iy' pu_rhaa_

	--	laN~':kong':	\|\|	suu_tac'thuu	laN~':kong':	\|\|	ii	bhu_raa:_
	--	or	#	other	or	#	this	Buddha-

After me, (whosoever) whether (he be) my son, or grandson, or relative, or any other person,
if he oppresses the slaves I have offered to this Buddha, may he not behold the Buddha Arimittiya!"

l.38	_@aa ngaa lhuu_kha_su kyon' @a_nhip'@a_cak(')teh' muu_mu_

	_@aa:	ngaa	lhuu_khaY.so	kywan'	@a_nhip'@a_cak'taN~':	muu_muu_
	-to	I	donate-PAST-ATTR	slave	oppression-EMPH	do-if

if he oppresses the slaves I have offered to this Buddha, may he not behold the Buddha Arimittiya!"

l.39	_kaa \|\| @a_ri_mit=tir^yaa pu_rhaa_s=khang' @a_phuu_ra_siy' \|\| == \|\| *

	_kaa:	\|\|	@a_ri_mit=tir^yaa	bhu_raa:sa_khang':	ma_phuu:ra_ce	\|\| == \|\|
	--	#	Arimetteyya	Buddha-lord	not-behold-get-OPT	#

if he oppresses the slaves I have offered to this Buddha, may he not behold the Buddha Arimittiya!