07-01-065

KONKAN STANDARD.

　To this total must be added the speakers of a few broken dialects, viz., Ktkar or Kth, Vrl, Vva, Phug and Smvd. They will be dealt with below. We thus arrive at the following grand total:-

Konkan Standard...	2,174,917
Ktkar...	76,700
Vrl...	92,000
Vva...	3,500
Phug...	1,000
Smvd...	2,700
TOTAL.	2,350,817

　The most typical form of the Konkan Standard is spoken in the southern part of Thana, and will be dealt with first. A grammar of this form of speech was written in the seventeenth century by a Portuguese missionary, and the missionary Francisco Vas de Guimaraens wrote an abridged version of the gospels in it. An analysis of this latter work has been printed in the Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, and a short specimen, taken from that source, has been reproduced below. It is usually known as a 'Pur' and is highly popular with the Catholic Christians of Thana.

AUTHORITIES-

　GUIMARAENS, FRANCISCO VAS DE,-Declaraco novamente feita da muita Dolorosa Morte e Paixo do Nosso Senhor Jesus Christo. Conforme a Escrevero os quatro evangelistas. Lisboa 1659. Reimpri- mado Bombahim 1845.

　MITCHELL, REV. J. MURRAY,-Marth Works composed by the Portuguese. Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. Vol. iii, Part i, 1849, pp. 132 and ff.

　Grammatica da lingua Concani no dialecto do Norte, composta no seculo xvii por hum missionario Portu- gues; e agora pela primeira vez dada estampa (por Joachim Heliodoro da Cunha Rivara.) Nova-Goa. Na imprensa nacional. 1858.

　Gasetteer of the Bombay Presidency. Vol. xiii, Part i. Bombay 1882. Note on the language on pp. 67 and ff.

　Pronunciation.-There is considerable uncertainty in the marking of long vowels. Thus we find ny and nay, not; uhn and uhun, having risen; t and t, thou; hut and ht, I was. The final of neuter bases is usually marked as short; thus, sagl, all; ukr, swine. The long forms sagl, ukr, etc., are, however, also common and seem to be more correct. is usually pronounced as y, y, or y; thus, yk, yk, one; lyk, lyk, and lyk, son. Before y a guttural is occasionally changed to the corre- sponding palatal. Thus, gl, gyl, and jl, he went; ghn and jhn, having taken; kl and chl, done. Similarly we often find v and v instead of ; thus, p and pv, belly; sn and svn, gold.

　 An a is pronounced in many cases where the language of the Dekhan uses . Thus especially in the neuter singular of strong bases, the neuter plural of weak bases, and the future of the first conjugation. Thus, sn, gold; ukr, swine; blan, I shall say. A also corresponds to of the Dekhan in several pronominal adverbs, and, occasionally, also elsewhere; thus, tav, there; bhuka-na, by hunger; hta, they were.

　The Anunsika is very commonly dropped. Thus, kar, and karu, to do; rnt, in the forest. It is often, however, replaced by an n, and an n-sound is often inserted between a vowel and a following consonant. Thus, tntl, from among them; mn, by me, mn and m, my; kanth and kath, story, etc.