03-02-505

KACHIN.

505

　HUNTER, W.W.,-A Comparative Dictionary of the Languages of India and High Asia, London, 1868.

　ANDERSON, J.,-A Report on the Expedition to Western Yunan vi Bham. Calcutta, 1871. Contains vocabularies, Kakhyin, etc. The vocabulary is reprinted, and a sketch of the people is given in Anderson's Mandalay to Momien. A Narrative of the two Expeditions to Western China of 1868 and 1876 under Colonel E. B. Sladen and Colonel Horace Browne. London, 1876.

　DALTON, EDWARD TUITE,-Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal. Calcutta, 1872. Contains notes on the Singphos, pp. 9 and ff., and a vocabulary, pp. 69 and ff.

　CAMPBELL, SIR G.,-Specimens of Languages of India, including those of the aboriginal Tribes of Bengal, the Central Provinces, and the Eastern Frontier. Calcutta, 1874. Singpho Vocabulary, pp. 221 and ff.

　STRETTELL, G.W.,-The ficus elastica in Burma proper or a narrative of my journey in search of it. Rangoon, 1876. Contains account of the Kakhyens pp. 67 and ff., pp. 89 and ff., pp. 107 and ff.

　FORBES, C.J.F.S.,-On Tibeto Burman Languages. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. X, 1878, pp. 210 and ff. Contains Singpho, etc., vocabularies, pp. 226 and ff.

　FORBES, CAPT. C.J.F.S.,-Comparative Grammar of the Languages of Further India. A Fragment. And other Essays. London, 1881. Contains comparative vocabularies of Singpho, etc., p. 75.

　CUSHING, REV. J.N.,-Grammatical Sketch of the Kakhyen Language. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, New Series, Vol. XII, 1880, pp. 359 and ff.

　NEEDHAM, J.F.,-Outline Grammar of the Singpho Language as spoken by the Singphos, Dowanniyas, and others residing in the neighbourhood of Sadiya, with illustrative sentences, phrase-book, and vocabulary. Shillong, 1889.

　GAIT, E.A.,-Report on the Census of Assam for 1891. Shillong, 1892. Contains abstract of Singpho Grammar, p. 185; Note on the Donis, p. 287.

　EALES, H.L.,-Report on the Census of Burma. Rangoon, 1892. Contains a note on "The Kachin Naga group," p. 164; note on the Kachins, Appendix A, pp. v and ff.; Memorandum on the Kachins on our frontier, by E. C. S. George, Appendix A, pp. x and ff.

　SYMINGTON, A.,-Kachin Vocabulary. Edinburgh, 1892.

　BAINES, J.A.,-Census of India, 1891. General Report. London, 1893. Note on the Kakhyn or Ching- pau, p. 129, and on the Nga-Kkhyn group, p. 150.

　HANSON, O.,-Kachin Spelling Book. Edinburgh, 1895.

　HERTZ, H.F.,-Handbook of the Kachin or Ching-paw Language containing the grammatical principles and peculiarities of the language, colloquial exercises, and a vocabulary. Rangoon, 1895.

　HANSON, O.,-A Grammar of the Kachin Language. Rangoon, 1896.

　KUHN, ERNST,-Die-Sprache der Singpho oder Ka-khyen. Festschrift fr Adolf Bastian zu seinem 70 Geburtstage. Berlin, 1896, pp. 355 and ff.

　MACGREGOR, MAJOR C.R.,-Grammatical Notes on the Singpho Language. Shillong, 1896.

　MACGREGOR, MAJOR, C.R.,-Outline Singpho Grammar. Contains also a list of words, Singpho and Khmpti. No date or imprint.

　SCOTT, J. GEORGE, assisted by J. P. HARDIMAN,-Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States, Vol. I, Part I, Rangoon, 1900. Account of the Kachin Hills and the Chingpaw on pp. 331 and ff.; Kachin vocabulary on pp. 660 and ff.

　SYMINGTON, ANDREW,-Kachin Vocabulary, Rangoon. Amer. Bapt. Miss. Press, 1901.

　The following sketch of the Assamese Singph is based on Mr. Needham's grammar, to which the student is referred for further details:-

　Pronunciation.-The system of transliteration adopted for the survey suits the phonetical system of Singph fairly well. is the sound of a in 'all', and ui the French ui in 'huit.' The vowels a and e are often interchangeable, thus kash and kesh, young; ai sometimes becomes a, thus rai, thing, matter, makhai-m ra-dai, what is the matter. The consonants d and t are often interchangeable, thus deng and teng, then. In the same way we find eastern k corresponding to western g in k'wah = ga-w, father, etc. The sounds ch, ts, and s, seem to be confounded, thus ka-ch, ka-ts, and ka-s, cold; Sing-ph, Tsin-p, and Ching-p, man; ning-sng- and ning-tsng-, upon, etc. The accent generally rests on the penultimate, but on the last syllable in adjectives beginning with ga; thus, ga-j, good; ga-b, great. Compound verbs carry the accent on the last root, thus bai-l, find again. Many words have the suppressed sound of m or n 3r