3 *aṁśabhōgin— ‘sharing’. [áṁśa—, bhṓga—] Ku. ãsoī m. ‘partner’.

12 *akālasasya— ‘harvest out of time’. [akāla—, sasyá—] OSi. akalahasa ‘lesser of the two rice harvests’ Geiger GS 32, mod. yala (or < akāla—).

13 *akulanīya— ‘without family’. [kúla—] Paš. aulanı̄́ m., °nkı̄́ f. ‘sonless’ Morgenstierne IIFL iii 3, 9 with (?). Formation is obscure.

15 *akka— ‘vexed, bewildered’. S. akaṇu ‘to be bothered’; L. akkaṇ ‘to be vexed’, P. akkṇā; Or. akā ‘foolish, bewildered’; — redup. Ku. akabaka ‘nonsense’, akabakiṇo ‘to be puzzled’, N. akabakka, °makka ‘perplexed’.

17 *akkha— ‘sacking, bag, net’. [Perh. conn. Sk. ákṣi—, if Pa. akkhika— n. ‘mesh of a net’ < ‘*having eyes’] S. akho m. ‘mesh of a net’; L. P. akkhā m. ‘one end of a bag or sack thrown over a beast of burden’; Or. akhā ‘gunny bag’; Bi. ākhā, ā̃khā ‘grain bag carried by pack animal’; H. ākhā m. ‘one of a pair of grain bags used as panniers’; M. ā̃khā m. ‘netting in which coco—nuts, &c., are carried’, ā̆khẽ n. ‘half a bullock—load’. *jālākkha—.

20 *aklitta— ‘not wetted’. [*klitta—] K. ak°t^u ‘unmoistened’.

25 *akṣakīla— cf. akṣāgrakīla—, °aka— m. ‘lynch—pin’ lex. [ákṣa—¹, kīla—] Bi. (Patna) akhailā ‘axle of brick—crusher’.

27 *akṣaṇā— f. ‘lightning’. [akṣaṇa— sc. vidyút— f.] Pa. akkhaṇā— f. ‘lightning’; Si. akaṇa, akuṇa ‘lightning, thunder’.

30 *akṣadāruka— ‘a partic. tree’. [akṣá—², dā́ru—²] Dm. aṣkürṓ ‘pine’ (Morgenstierne NTS xii 128, 157 with metathesis of kṣ), Phal. ac̣hā́ru.

32 *akṣapaṭṭa— ‘notched board’. [akṣa—³, paṭṭa—¹] N. akhaṭo ‘notch, step cut in a tree for climbing’; M. akhoṭā m. ‘grooved or notched channel’. akṣapāṭa— see akṣavāṭa—.

33 *akṣapuṭa— ‘collar—bone’. [ákṣa—¹, puṭa—] Paš. āṣūṛā ‘collar-bone’ (Morgenstierne IIFL iii 3, 20 < akṣa—puṭaka— or —kuṭaka—: kuṭi— ‘curve’).

38a *akṣalita— Add. 14192.

40 *akṣākāra— ‘shaped like a die’. [akṣá—², ākāra—] H. akhār m. ‘a small lump of clay placed in the centre of a potter's wheel’.

41 *akṣānta— ‘unbearable’. [Cf. kṣānta— ‘patient’ Mn., ‘pardoned’ MBh.: √kṣam] N. akhānu ‘intolerable, unpleasant’.

41a *akṣāpita— Add. 14194.

42 *akṣāmita— ‘unbearable’. [Cf. kṣāmayatē: √kṣam] N. akhāyo ‘intolerable’.

45 *akṣirujā— f. ‘eye—disease’. [Cf. akṣiruj— f. VarBr̥S., Pa. akkhirōga— m.: ákṣi—, rujā—] Si. āsrudāva ‘ophthalmia’.

47 *akṣēma— ‘unpeaceful’. [kṣḗma—] Sh. (Lor.) ac̣hēmo ‘unruly, mischievous, malignant, dishonest’.

53 *agāhya— ‘unfathomable’. [Cf. durgāhya— Suśr. (to be separated fr. agādha— ‘deep’ R. < ‘*having no ford’): √gāh] S. ajhāǥu ‘deep’. But see *gādhya—.

62 *agnirujā— ‘a disease with burning sensation’. [agní—¹, rujā—] H. āgrū m. ‘eruption on the lips from heat’; G. āgru m. ‘disease causing burning sensation in the mouth’; M. āgrū̃, ag°, ā̆gerū̃ n. ‘heat eruptions on lips and tongue’; for gender poss. cf. *rujas— n. in rujaskara—. — Doubtful, but less likely < agnírūpa—.

66 *agnisthāna— n. ‘fireplace’. [Cf. Pa. aggiṭṭhāna n. - agní—¹, sthā́na—] Wg. ā̃ı̄̃te, gambīrī aṅatä̃ř; Paš. eṅgatáı̃, Shum. ā̃than; — perh. < *aṅgri—sthānā—, see agniṣṭhá—; — less likely < *aṅgārasthāna—.

69 *agragaṇḍa— ‘top of sugar—cane’. [ágra—, gaṇḍa—²] Bi. agẽṛ, geṛ ‘leaves at the top of sugar—cane’. *prāgragaṇḍa—.

70 *agragamaṇa— ‘going in front’. [ágra—, gamana—] Or. agauṇa ‘chief, primary’, H. agaunī f. ‘going for- ward to meet a visitor’.

74 *agratōjāta— ‘born earlier’. [Cf. agrajā́— ‘first—born’ RV., Pk. aggajāya—: agratás, jātá—] S. aguāo m. ‘stepson’, aǥuāī f. ‘stepdaughter’. *agrapārśva— see *agravāsa—. [ágra—, pārśvá—]

75 *agrapāli— ‘front, point’. [ágra—, *pāḍi—] Or. āguāḷi ‘sharp end of an axe’.

79 *agravarṣā— f. ‘the end rain’. [ágra—, varṣā́—] M. āgos f. ‘the beginning of the dry weather’.

80 *agravāṭa— m. ‘enclosed space in front’. [ágra—, vāṭa—¹] P. agvāṛā m., °ṛī f. ‘the space in front of a house’, Bi. aguār, °rā, H. agwāṛā m., G. agvāṛũ n.

81 *agravāsa— m. ‘front of a house’. [ágra—, vāsá—²] Bi. agwās ‘space in front of a house’. — Or poss. < *agra- pārśva—.

82 *agravāha— ‘leading in front’. [ágra—, vāhá—] P. agwāhā m. ‘guide’, Ku. agwā, N. aguwā (both only with —ā, not —o: see agrēgū́—).

83 *agravr̥ddhi— f. [ágra—, vŕ̥ddhi—²] Bhoj. agawaṛhⁱ ‘something given in advance’.

84 *agravr̥ṣṭi— f. ‘initial rain’. [ágra—, vr̥ṣṭí—] M. agoṭh, °oṭ f. ‘period just before or after the beginning of the rains’.

87 *agrasasya— n. ‘first—fruits’. [ágra—, sasyá—] Pa. aggasassa— n., Si. agasas, agahas, agas (ac. to Geiger GS 18 a recent shortening < *agās).

89 *agrānta— ‘front or near end’. [ágra—, ánta—] L. aggānde ‘in future’; M. agāt, agā̃t adv. ‘early (of sowing or ripening)’, agāt n. ‘the early grains’.

90 *agrāmin— ‘not rustic’. [grāmín—] Si. agämi ‘urbane’.

93 *agriyapāṭa— ‘front expanse’. [agriyá—, pāṭa—] S. aǥyāṛī f. ‘front part of the head above the forehead, forepart of any interval’.

96 *agrōpasthāka— ‘chief servitor’. [ágra—, upasthāka—] Pa. aggupaṭṭhāka— m., Si. aguvaṭā, akvaṭā (prob. ← Pa.).

98 *agryapaṇa— ‘chief price or payment in first—fruits.’ [agryá—, paṇa—] Bi. agwan ‘interest in kind on seed—corn’.

99 *aghr̥ṣṭa— ‘not rubbed out’. [√ghr̥ṣ] G. aghāṭ m. ‘a document (on stone, metal plate, or paper) recording a permanent gift, esp. of land’ T. N. Dave. — Doubtful.

101 *aṅkakāra— m. ‘act of marking’ [aṅká—, kāra—¹] H. ãkār m. ‘mark, spot’. — Deriv. S. ãgāraṇu ‘to sketch out before engraving or painting’. — Or poss. < *aṅkākāra—.

105 *aṅkāśrita— ‘attached to a hook’. [aṅká—, āśrita—] L. mult. ãgāsī f. ‘gear for raising a Persian wheel off the ground’.

107 *aṅku— ‘hook’ in ankuṭa—, aṅkurá—, aṅkuśá—. [Cf. Av. anku— in cmpd. ‘hook’: √añc]

110 *aṅkurayati ‘sprouts’, aṅkurita— Kālid. [aṅkurá—] Pk. aṁkuriya—, L. uṅgaraṇ ‘to sprout’, P. uṅgarnā, uṅgurnā, Ku. ãgurṇo, Bhoj. ãkural, M. ãkurṇẽ.

115 *aṅgakr̥ṣṭi— f. ‘stretching the body’. [áṅga—¹, kr̥ṣṭí- or poss. *vikr̥ṣṭi—] Mth. ãgaiṭhī ‘yawn’.

120 *aṅgarakṣa— ‘garment’. [Cf. aṅgarakṣaṇī— f. ‘coat of mail’: áṅga—¹, rakṣá—] Pk. aṁgarakkha—, °aga— ‘protecting the body’; S. ãgrakho m. ‘upper garment’, B. āṅrākhā, Or. aṅgarakhā, Bi. H. ãgarkhā m., °khī f., G. ãgarkhũ n., °khī f., M. ā̃garkhā, ãg°, ā̃grākhā m. — X antarīya—: L. andrakkhā m.

122 *aṅgavikala— ‘deformed in limbs’. [áṅga—¹, vikala—] Pa. aṅgavikala— ‘mutilated’; Si. an̆gaväl ‘maimed, deformed’.

124 *aṅgahōla— ‘washing the body’. [áṅga—¹, *hōl—] Pk. aṁgōhali— f. ‘bathing all the body except the head’; G. ãghoḷ n. ‘ablution’, ãghoḷvũ ‘to bathe’; M. ãghoḷ, ãghūḷ, ā̃gh° f. ‘washing the body’. — Deriv. G. ãghoḷiyũ n. ‘pot for warming bath water’, ãghoḷṛī f. ‘song sung during ceremonial wedding bath’.

128 *aṅgāravarta— m. ‘fire stone’. [áṅgāra—, *varta—³] Ash. aṅalawaṭ (r — r > l — r).

129 *aṅgārasthāna— n. ‘fireplace’. [áṅgāra—, sthā́na—] Dm. aṅgarthäı̃ (perh. a Dm. cmpd.). — See *agni- sthāna—.

140 *acaṣṭa— ‘untasted’. [*caṣṭa—: √*cakṣ ²] G. e ṭh f. ‘refuse of food’.

141 *acca— ‘sudden shock’. 2. *accakka—. 1. G. acɔ m. ‘obstacle, crowd’. 2. G. āckɔ m. ‘shock, push’, acakvũ ‘to stop’ intr.; M. ā̃ċkā m. ‘sudden pull’, aċkī f. ‘convulsive gasp’, ā̃ċakṇẽ ‘to jolt, strike’.

143 *acchādana— ‘without covering’. [chādana—] Kho. čhan (or čan?) ‘naked’.

146 *ajakaṭa— m. ‘flock of goats’. [Ext. with —ṭa— of ajaka—, cf. avikaṭá—: ajá—] S. ajaṛu m. ‘flock of goats’ (< *ayyaṛu ?); L. eiyuṛ, (Jukes) aiyyaṛ m. ‘flock of sheep or goats’, P. ayyaṛ m. — Or < avikaṭá—.

149 *ajanikā— ‘she—goat’, or *ajānī—? [ajá—] Gaw. hḗnī f. (NOGaw 37 < *ajanikā—, but perh. < ḗkahāyana—), Shum. ū̃ī (or < ajá— or ávi—).

150 *ajapaṣṭha— ‘young goat’. [ajá—, *paṣṭha—] S. aiṭha f. ‘she—goat 10 or 12 months old’. — Or < *avipaṣṭha—.

154 *ajavāṭa— m. ‘goat—pen’. [ajá—, vāṭa—¹: with EH. —r- < —ṭ— rather than < —vāra—] H. aiwārā m. ‘shed for sheep, goats or cattle in jungle’. — Or < *avivāṭa—.

159 *ajr̥ta— ‘undigested’. [Cf. jīryatē ‘is digested’ Yājñ., ajīrṇa— ‘undigested’ Mn., ajīrti— f. ‘indigestibleness’: √jr̥̄] Or. ajaṛa ‘indigestion’.

163 *ajya— ‘flock of goats’. [ajá—] L. ajjaṛ m., P. ajjaṛ, ijjaṛ m. — Deriv. L. ājaṛī m. ‘shepherd’, P. ājṛī m. *kaṭṭājya—.

164 *ajvara— ‘free from fever’. [jvará—] A. āzar ‘free from fever, freedom from fever’. AÑC ‘bend’: aṅká—, aṅkana—, aṅkáyati, aṅkuṭa—, aṅkurá—, aṅkuśá—, aṅkūrá—, *añca—, áñcati, añcana—, añcala—; *atiyañcati, ápāñc—, ā́ñcati, údañc—, údañc- ati, *upāñcati, níyañc—, nīca—, nyakkāra—, nyag- rṓdha—, nyàñc—, parākā́t, paryaṅka—, palyaṅka—, *pratyaka—, *prācayati, prācı̄́na—, prācyà—, *vīcya—, samyák, sākám; ghr̥tā́cī—; — √āñch.

165 *añca— ‘curve’. [Cf. rōmāñca— m. ‘thrill of the hair’: √añc] A. ā̃s ‘a line’; ext. with —ṭa—: ā̃sor ‘scratch’.

173 *añjita— ‘anointed’. [Cf. añjayati ĀśvŚr.: √añj] Pa. añjita— ‘smeared’; Pk. aṁjiya— ‘oiled’; Si. än̆di ‘painted, marked’.

178 *aṭṭ— ¹ ‘contain, be contained, fit into’. [Poss. < ā́rta—¹ ‘*brought’, cf. ā́—r̥ṇvati ‘brings, reaches, obtains’ RV., despite ă of P.: √r̥] Phal. aṭ— ‘to send, bring’ NOPhal 28, Sh. aṭoiki; P. aṭṭṇā ‘to be filled up, be contained in’; Ku. āṭṇo ‘to bury, fill up with earth and stones’, aṭāṇo ‘to contain, hold’, aṭṭo ‘brimful’; N. aṭāunu ‘to be con- tained, fit into’; A. āṭiba ‘to tighten’, ā̃ṭiba ‘to suffice’; B. ā̃ṭā ‘to be contained, close tightly’, ā̃ṭā ‘closely fitted, insufficient’; H. āṭnā, aṭānā ‘to fit into, join’; āṭnā, aṭ°, ā̃ṭ°, ãṭ° ‘to be contained, be fitted into’, ãṭwānā, ãṭh° ‘to cram in’.

179 *aṭṭ— ² ‘obstruct, stop’. [Cf. *aṭṭha—², *aḍ—, *aḍḍ—: prob. ← Drav. see *aḍ—] S. aṭaru ‘obstinate’; L. aṭṭ m. ‘sediment in a well, silt’; Or. aṭāi ‘enclosure for cattle’; G. āṭɔ m. ‘pounding’ (?), aṭvāmaṇ f. ‘obstacle’; M. aṭ f. ‘obstruction’, āṭ f. ‘obstinacy’, aṭṇẽ ‘to thicken, inspissate’. *aṭṭakk—. aṭṭa— ¹ ‘boiled rice’ see *ārta—².

181 *aṭṭa— ³ ‘bundle’. 2. *aṇṭa—. 3. *aṭṭha— ¹. 4. *aṇṭha—. 1. K. üṭ^ü , dat. acĕ f. ‘bundle, skein’; L. aṭṭī f. ‘skein’, P. aṭṭā m., °ṭī f.; A. āṭi ‘sheaf’; B. āṭi ‘sheaf, faggot’; Or. āṭi ‘sheaf, bundle’; H. āṭī, aṭṭī f. ‘twist, bundle, skein.’ 2. B. ā̃ṭi ‘bundle’; Bi. ā̃ṭī ‘bundle of straw’; Mth. ā̃ṭī ‘bundle of grain divided between reaper and master’; H. ā̃ṭī, aṇṭī f. ‘bundle, skein, sheaf’; G. ā̃ṭī f. ‘skein of thread’. 3. Pk. aṭṭhā— f. ‘handful’. 4. Ku. N. ā̃ṭho, ā̃ṭhi ‘bundle, sheaf, plait of hair’.

182 *aṭṭakk— ‘obstruct, stop’. [*aṭṭ—²] S. aṭkaṇu ‘to be stopped’, aṭak f. ‘hindrance’; L. aṭkaṇ ‘to stop, stick’, P. aṭakṇā; aṭkā m. ‘stoppage’; Ku. aṭakṇo ‘to stop, wait’; N. aṛkanu intr. ‘to stick in, stop’; A. āṭak ‘obstacle’, °kiyā ‘scarce’; B. āṭkāna ‘to obstruct’, āṭak ‘barrier’; Or. aṭakibā ‘to come to a stop’, °kāibā, akaṭāibā ‘to hinder’, aṭakā, akaṭā ‘hindrance’; Mth. aṭ^akab ‘to stay, cease’, aṭ^akāb ‘to prevent’; H. aṭaknā intr. ‘to stick’, aṭak f. ‘obstacle’; Marw. aṭakṇo ‘to remain’; G. aṭakvũ ‘to be detained’, aṭak f. ‘stoppage’, aṭakṛī f. ‘hiccough’; M. aṭakṇẽ ‘to be stopped’, aṭkẽ n. ‘obstacle’. Addenda: *aṭṭakk—: S.kcch. aṭkā(y)ṇū ‘to stop, prevent’.

183 *aṭṭakkalā— ‘guess’. [Poss. contains kalā́—: for first part cf. L. aṭṭā—saṭṭā m. ‘rough guess’ and *aṇṭ—] H. aṭkal, aṭkar f. ‘guess’ (prob. → K. aṭkal, aṭhk° f., S. aṭkala f.; L. aṭkal f. ‘knowledge, skill, guess’; P. aṭkal f. ‘guess’, Ku. aṭgal, gng. aṭgaw, N. aṛkal); A. ā̃ṭkāl ‘conjecture’, B. āṭkāl, Or. aṭakaḷa, G. M. aṭkaḷ f.

186 *aṭṭha— ² ‘gum’. 2. *attha—. 1. A. āṭhā, eṭhā ‘gum’, eṭhā—eṭhi ‘gummy, slimy’; B. āṭhā ‘gum, birdlime, paste’, āṭhāl, āṭāl ‘viscid’; Or. aṭhā ‘gum’; Si. aṭṭuwa ‘any glutinous substance’. 2. G. āthɔ m. ‘paste’.

187 *aḍ— ‘obstruct, stop’. [Cf. *aḍḍ—, *aṭṭ—², poss. *aṭṭha—²; — ← Drav. cf. Tam. aṭai ‘to be obstructed’, Kan. aḍ(ḍ)a ‘obstructing, transverse’, Tu. aṭaka, aḍaka ‘obstacle’, Kui aḍa ‘screen’, Brah. aṛ ‘obstruction’: T. Burrow TPS 1945, 79.] L. aṛaṇ ‘to jib, be entangled’, aṛā m. ‘constipation’; P. aṛnā ‘to stop, stick fast’, aṛ f. ‘stoppage’; Ku. aṛṇo ‘to persist, be strong’, aṛiyo ‘fat’, aṛo ‘prop’; H. aṛnā, arnā ‘to come to a stop’, aṛ f. ‘dam’; G. aṛvũ ‘to touch’, aṛ f. ‘obstinacy’; M. aḍṇẽ ‘to be stopped’, aḍ f. ‘obstruc- tion’. — Ext. with —kk—: L. aṛak m. ‘untrained bullock’; P. aṛkaṇā ‘to be stopped’; G. aṛakvũ ‘to touch’, aṛak f. ‘obstruction’; M. aḍakṇẽ intr. ‘to stick fast’. *aḍi— ‘heel’ see *aḍḍi—.

188 *aḍḍ— ‘obstruct, stop’. [← Drav., see *aḍ—] K. aḍun ‘to persevere, be intent on’, aḍāv m. ‘the wooden beam supporting a log when being sawn’; S. aḍ̱aṇu ‘to build’, aḍ̱a f. ‘watercourse’; L. aḍḍ, pl. aḍḍã f. ‘small irrigation channel’, aḍḍī f. ‘iron rest for support- ing tools in turning’; P. aḍḍā m. ‘perch for birds’; WPah. bhal. aḍḍo m. ‘support for a log being sawn’; Ku. āṛo ‘support, bolt of door’; N. āṛ ‘cover, shelter’, aṛinu ‘to stop, halt’; A. ā̃r ‘screen’; Or. āṛibā ‘to ward off’, āṛi ‘hide—out for hunters’; Mth. aṛāeb ‘to restrain’; H. āṛ f. ‘interruption, covering’, āṛnā ‘to cause to stop’ (perh. rather der. aṛnā < *aḍ—); G. āḍⁱ f. ‘obstacle’, aḍvũ ‘to stop’, āḍṇī f. ‘a stand’; M. aḍṇẽ ‘to be stopped’ (or < *aḍ—), ā̆ḍaċ ‘tightly’; Si. aḍaya ‘prop, stopper’ (perh. direct ← Tam. aṭai). *aḍḍa—, aḍḍana—.

189 *aḍḍa— ‘transverse’. [Same as prec.? — ← Drav., see *aḍ—] S. aḍ̱o m. ‘edge of a boat, thwart’, aḍ̱ī f. ‘rail across bottom of a lathe’, āḍ̱o ‘transverse’; L. aḍḍā m. ‘thwart of a boat’; P. āḍḍā ‘crooked’; B. āṛ ‘aslant’, āṛā ‘beam’; Or. āṛa ‘width’, āṛā ‘cross—beam’, Mth. āṛ, āṛi ‘boundary between fields’; H. āṛ f ‘horizontal line painted across forehead’, āṛā ‘transverse’; OMarw. āḍo ‘transverse’; G. āḍũ ‘slanting’, āḍ f. ‘curved piece of mica worn as orna- ment by women on forehead’; M. āḍẽ n. ‘ridgepole, cross—bar, keel’, aḍvā ‘transverse’; Ko. āḍa ‘crosswise’; — compounded with an IA. word of same meaning: Or. āṛa—bā̃ka ‘oblique’; H. aṛbaṅgā ‘crooked’, m. ‘obstruc- tion’ (→ N. aṛb(h)aṅge ‘crosswise, obstacle’). Addenda: *aḍḍa—: S.kcch. āḍī f. ‘crossbeam’; WPah.kṭg. (kc.) aṛi f. ‘plough—handle, plough—stick with handle’, J. āṛī.

191 *aḍḍi— ‘heel’. 2. *aḍi—. 3. *ēḍḍi—. 4. *ēḍi—. [J. Bloch BSOS v 738 ← Drav., cf. Tam. Kan. aḍi, Tel. aḍugu ‘foot, footstep’] 1. L. P. aḍḍī f. ‘heel’; H. aḍḍā m. ‘heel of shoe’; — Si. aḍiya ‘foot, footstep’ (with a, not ä) ← Tam. 2. Marw. aṛi ‘heel.’ 3. P. eḍ f. ‘heel’, N.B. Or. eṛi, Bhoj. eṛī; H. eṛ f. ‘spur’, eṛī f. ‘heel’; M. eḍ f. ‘urging with the heel’; — N.B.Or.H. perh. < 4 below. 4. G. eṛⁱ f. ‘spur’, eṛī f. ‘heel’. X *lattā—. aṇi— ‘linch—pin’ see āṇí—. Addenda: *aḍḍi—. 3. *ēḍḍi—: WPah. kṭg. eḍi f. ‘heel when used in spurring, spur’.

195 *aṇuni— ‘millet’. [Cf. áṇu—¹ NTS xii 156] NiDoc. aḍ́iṁni prob. ‘millet’ H. W. Bailey BSOAS xii 332; Ḍ. árīn ‘millet’, Kt. awŕı̄̃, Dm. äŕín, Paš. aṛı̄́n, Gaw. éṛin, Kal. aṛín, Kho. oḷīn; — all < *aḍin— with same dissimilation of ṇ — n as in ajñānin— rather than < *arjana— — More doubtful is Sh. (Lorimer) āno ‘Indian millet’.

196 *aṇuvaṁśa— ‘small share’. [aṇu—², áṁśa—] H. anwā̃sī f. ‘a very small measure of land’, anwā̃sā m. ‘as much corn as grows on an a°’.

197 *aṇṭ— ‘presume, be bold’. [Cf. *aṭṭakkalā—] Ku. ā̃ṭṇo ‘to guess’; ā̃ṭ ‘guess’; N. ā̃ṭnu ‘to dare, be about to’, ā̃ṭ ‘presumption, decision, courage’; Or. āṇṭa ‘pride’; G. ā̃ṭvũ ‘to aim at’. *aṇṭa— ‘bundle’, see *aṭṭa—³. *aṇṭha— ‘bundle’, see *aṭṭa—³. áṇṭhatē, see *haṇṭ—. aṇḍá— see āṇḍá—. aṇḍakōśa— see āṇḍakōśa—. aṇḍaja— see *āṇḍajāta—. átati see √aṭ. atasá— see atası̄́—.

199 *atārita— ‘unrescued’. [Cf. tārá— m. ‘rescuer’ VS., tārita— ‘ferried across’ MBh.: √tr̥̄] P. ārī ‘helpless’?

206 *atipāra— m. ‘bringing across’. [Cf. átipārayati ‘leads across’ RV.: √pr̥;— or *atipāra— ‘fulfilment’, cf. pāráyati ‘fulfils’ RV., atipūryati ‘becomes full’ MBh.:√ pr̥̄] Si. ivara ‘accomplishment, end, leisure’.

207 *atipuṣṭa— ‘very fat’. [√puṣ] K. pog. yüṭh ‘fat (of an animal)’.

209 *atimahānt— ‘very great’. [mahat—] Pa. atimahant—, Si. imahat ‘very large’. — Prob. ← Pa.

210 *atiyañcati ‘pulls across’. [For áti with a verb ‘to pull’ cf. atikarṣati ‘pulls (ploughshare)’ Kauś.: √añc] Pk. aïṁcaï ‘overpasses, goes away’, with ch (cf. ā́nchati ~ áñcati) ayaṁchaï ‘pulls, ploughs, draws a line’, aïṁchaï ‘surpasses’, aïṁchaṇa— n. ‘pulling, trans- gressing’ (poss. connexion or confusion with *khiñc—, *khañc— ‘pull’ is suggested by āiṁchaï, āaṁchaï ‘pulls, ploughs’); Ku. aı̃c ‘pressure’; N. aı̃cnu ‘to press’, aı̃cinu ‘to be pressed or pulled’, aı̃cyāunu ‘to pull up (a horse)’; H. aı̃cnā, ı̄̃cnā ‘to pull’, G. e_ cvũ. — J. Bloch BullEFEO xliv 48 separates the Pk. words from the modern, Ku. aı̃c, &c., which he derives from *adhi—gicc— in Aś. bh. adhi- gicya ‘rejecting’. *átiyēti see átyēti. *atirikṇa— see átirikta—.

213 *ativr̥tta— ‘passed beyond’. [Cf. ativivartayati ‘separates too far’ RV.Prāt., ativr̥tti— f. ‘excess’ Pāṇ.Kāś.: √vr̥t ¹] Pa. ativatta— ‘passed beyond’; Si. ivat ‘off, out of the way’ Geiger GS 81, but with t, not ṭ, prob. ← Pa.

214 *atiśōdhanī— ‘broom’. [Cf. śōdhanī— f. ‘broom’, °naka- m. ‘sweeper’ Mr̥cch.: √śudh] Kho. rišun, rušun ‘brush made of an animal's tail for clearing up flour in a mill’.

215 *atiśōdhi— ‘cleaning’. [Cf. *śōdhi—: √śudh] Paš. ẽšı̄́, išı̄́ ‘broom’ Morgenstierne IIFL iii 3, 12. *atiṣkadati see *utskadati.

218 *atiṣphāyatē ‘swells, is complete, arrives’. [For semantic development cf. sphā́yatē, *niṣphāyatē, pūryatē, prábhūta—: √sphāy] Sh. ifayoiki ‘to arrive’ (1st sg. pres. ifā́yam). — Deriv. ifayaroiki ‘to conduct’.

221 *atta— ² ‘father, grandfather’. 2. *adda—. [Cf. attā—] 1. A. ātā ‘address to a respectable old man’; G. ātāji m. ‘grandfather’; Si. ātā ‘grandfather’. 2. S. ado m. ‘brother’; L. addā m. ‘father’.

224 *atyākhēṭyati ‘hunts’ [ākhēṭa—] Bhoj. caheṭal ‘to pursue’; — doubtful.

225 *atyāgata— ‘entered’. [√gam] K. ċāv: see átyēti.

229 *atrastha— ‘situated here’, cf. tatrastha—. [átra, stha—] Bshk. athā̃ ‘this (half—distant)’, with early contraction Morgenstierne AO xviii 225; but perh. < *atthattha- or *atthaka—, cf. Pk. tatthaya— s.v. tatrastha—.

232 *adati ‘eats’. [átti RV., ādáyati ‘feeds’ ŚBr., adayati ĀpŚr.: √ad] Pa. adēti ‘eats’, Pk. adaï; — Paš. ay—, 1 sg. pres. ayam Morgenstierne IIFL iii 3, 24 < ad— with (?). Perh. rather < *aśati.

234 *adapara— ‘devoted to eating’. [ada—, para—] G. āvro, e vro m. ‘desire to be eating constantly’. - Cf. *khādanapara—.

235 *adinna— ‘not given’. [Cf. ádatta— ‘not having given’ AV., ‘not given’ Mn.: *dinna—] Pa. adinna—, Pk. adiṇṇa—; Si. ayin ‘stolen’.

244 *adyāhnaḥ ‘this very day’. [Cf. idā́nīm and idā́ áhnaḥ RV.: adyá, áhar—] Pa. ajjaṇhō, ajjuṇhō ‘only this day’ (with u from *ajju, cf. Ap. s.v. adyá, CPDI 44); L. ajjaṇ ‘till today’; M. ā̆j̄huṇi (poet.) ‘even now’, aj̈ūn, āj̈ūṇ, aj̈o; — doubtful.

247 *adhamāṁśa— ‘worst portion’. [adhamá—, áṁśa—] Bi. ãwā̃sī ‘the smallest sheaf’ or < *avamāṁśa—.

251 *adhikatara— ‘higher’. [ádhika—] Pa. adhikataraṁ ‘extraordinarily’; Pr. Əléra ‘above, on the top’, līr ‘above’; Kho. aihro ‘a little up’. — Or poss. < *adhira— (cf. úpara—, ávara—) or *adhitara— (cf. nitarā́m).

254 *adhigrahati ‘takes’. [√grah] Pr. ilgyi— ‘to take, buy’ (NTS xv 286 < krī— with prefix il— ?). ádhitiṣṭhati see *adhiṣṭhāti.

256 *ádhiyardha—, ádhyardha— ‘one and a half’ ŚBr., ádhyardhaka— ‘worth one and a half’ Pāṇ. [ardhá—²] Si. yēḷa, ye°, yela ‘one and a half’ with abnormal ḷ for ḍ in a numeral. Addenda: *adhiyardha—: Md. doḷu ‘one and a half’.

256a *adhiyasta— Add. 14210.

257 *adhiyasyati, adhyasyati ‘throws over’ KātyŚr. [√as ²] Pr. lis— ‘to let loose upwards, fling off, lose’.

258 *ádhiyēti ‘goes to’. [Cf. ádhyēti ‘turns the mind to’ RV. and ádhigacchati ‘approaches’: √i ²] Ash. dīm ‘I go’ < *ádhiyēmi, Wg. di— ‘to go’ (both with pret. gōm < gatá—), Kt. dī—. But ac. to Morgen- stierne NTS ii 253 prob. < ati—i—, see átyēti.

259 *adhilambatē ‘approaches’. [Cf. adhyālambatē ‘reaches’ BHS: √lamb] Si. elam̆banavā ‘to come near, approach, arrive’.

260 *adhivāsayati ‘causes to remain’, adhivāsa— m. ‘sitting obstinately before a debtor's door’. [adhivasati ‘dwells’ Mn., Pk. ahivasaï ‘stays’: √vas ²] Pa. adhivāsēti ‘endures’; Si. ivasanavā ‘to bear, en- dure’. *adhiṣṭāt see adhástāt.

261 *adhiṣṭhāti, ádhitiṣṭhati ‘stands up’ RV. [√sthā] Pa. adhiṭṭhāti, adhiṭṭhahati ‘stands on, arranges, determines, concentrates on’; Pk. ahiṭṭhēi ‘goes up, controls’; Si. iṭanavā ‘to make up one's mind’.

264 *adhiṣṭhi— f. ‘standing firm’. [√sthā] P. hiṭh f. ‘firmness of mind, pertinacity, courage, hope’ (but H. haṭh f. ‘pertinacity’ ~ haṭh m. ‘violence’ ← haṭha—).

269 *adhunāhāra— ‘food for now’. [adhunā́, āhāra—] Kho. aunār ‘thick bread prepared by cow— and goat- herds for consumption the same day’.

272 *adhyakavaṁśa— ‘accessory beam’. [Cf. adhika- ‘secondary’ (Pk. ajjhaya— ‘neighbour’ ?): vaṁśá—] Dm. ažṓs, ažṓš ‘small beam’ (NTS xii 158 < adhy—ā- vaṁśa— with ?).

273 *adhyaṅgaka— ‘upper garment’. [áṅga—] H. jhaṅgā, jhagā m. ‘upper garment’: very doubtful.

275 *adhyadhyaka— ‘abundant’. [adhyadhi] S. jhajho ‘many, abundant’; OG. jhājhaüṁ ‘many’, G. jhājhũ, °jũ ‘more, greater’; — doubtful. Addenda: *adhyadhyaka—: S.kcch. jajo ‘much’.

277 *adhyaya— ‘going towards’. [√i ²] S. ajho m. ‘protection, refuge’; G. ājhɔ m. ‘confidence’. — Doubtful. ádhyardha— see *ádhiyardha—. adhyasyati see *adhiyasyati.

282 *adhvavāha— ‘carrier’. [Cf. pathivāhaka— m. ‘burden- carrier’ lex.: ádhvan—, vāhá—] G. adhvāyɔ m. ‘carrier who carts traders' goods, cattle—dealer’. AN ‘breathe’: ánila—; apāná—, prāṇá—, prāṇaka—, prāṇín—, sámaniti.

296 *anāviṣṭa— ‘not entered’. [Cf. *praviṣṭi—: āviṣṭa—] H. anaiṭh m. ‘a day on which the market is closed’.

297 *anāvr̥ṣa— ‘lack of rain’. [*āvr̥ṣa—] L. aṇāī f. ‘drought, failure of the river to rise, famine’.

300 *anikta— ‘unwashed’. [niktá—] Ku. alīt ‘dirty, lazy, shameless’ or < ālipta—.

304 *aniyāya—, anyāya— m. ‘injustice’ R., anyāyya—, anyāyin- ‘unjust’. [nyāyá—] Pk. aṇṇāa— ‘unjust’, m. ‘injustice’; OSi. aniyā ‘in- justice’; Si. ännä ‘unlawful’ < *aniyāyin—, ännäva ‘nuisance’. Addenda: *aniyāya—: Brj. aneū m. ‘injustice’. †;*anirya— ‘sleepless’. [niryā́—, see nidrā́—] †;*aniryōdgata—. †;*aniryōdgata— see †;*anidrōdgata—.

307 *aniṣṭi— ‘dislike’. [iṣṭí—²] H. nīṭh, °ṭhi f. ‘dislike’.

308a *anīkya or *anīca— Add. 14213. †;anukará— m. ‘helper’ AV. [√kr̥ ¹] see anucará—.

309 *anukarya— ‘imitation’. [anukará— m. ‘assistant’ AV., ‘imitating’ ŚBr.: √kr̥ ¹] Kho. oṅgoḷik ‘to imitate, mimic’ Morgenstierne BelvalkarVol 86; — cf. Sk. Pa. anukarōti ‘imitates’ Mn., Pk. aṇugarēi.

313 *anugr̥bhāyati, anugr̥hṇāti ‘follows in taking’ MBh. 2. *anughr̥pta—. [√grah] 1. Ash. waṅgā́— ‘to seize’; Kt. wuṅa— ‘to take, buy’; Bashg. ngā ‘to take’; Kho. aṅgik ‘to bring’ (or < ā́nayati). 2. Preterites: Ash. åṅgetƏ, Kt. ōṅtye f., Bashg. ngūta. Forms with w— perhaps due to contamination with forms < *upagr̥bhāyati, Ash. wagā́—, Kt. waga—; or poss. < *upānugr̥bhāyati. In Ind. semantic development of anu—grah— is ‘lift up — support — help — favour’: anugr̥hṇāti, Pa. anuggaṇhāti, Pk. aṇuggeṇhaï.

317 *anujñapta— ‘permitted’. [Cf. anujñapti— f. ‘permission’] Si. anudat < *anunat with d from anudananavā, see ánujānāti.

318 *anutr̥tīyam ‘on the third day’. [For formation cf. anurātram ‘in the night’ AitBr.: see also s.v. tr̥tı̄́ya—¹] Savi nu l ia ‘day before yesterday’.

321 *anudrāvayati caus. of ánudravatē ‘runs after’ TS. [Cf. drāváyati: √dru] Wg. andrāl— ‘to throw, pour out’ Morgenstierne NTS xvii 226, but whence l ?

325 *anupānaha— ‘shoeless’. [Cf. anupānatka— KātyŚr.: upānáh—] Pa. anupāhana—, Pk. aṇōvāhaṇaya—, OG. aṇūhāṇa; G. aṛvāṇũ ‘barefoot, unadorned’; M. anvāṇā, anhvāṇī, aṇvāṇī, aṇvāī ‘barefoot’.

334 *anulabdha— pp. of ánulabhatē ‘takes hold of from behind’ ŚBr. [√labh] Pa. anuladdha— ‘grasped from behind’, Pk. aṇuladdha—; Si. nuludu ‘stolen goods’.

335 *anuvara— ‘following the bridegroom’. [For formation cf. ánupatha— ‘following the road’ RV., anupati ‘after the husband’: vará—²] OG. aṇuṁara m.f., G. aṇvar m. ‘relative or friend of a newly married couple’. Addenda: *anuvara— see †;anucará—.

336 *anuvāta— ‘woven after’. [√vē] Pa. anuvāta— m. ‘seam, hem or binding of a monk's robe’; Si. nuvāva ‘hem of a monk's robe’ Geiger BSOS viii 556.

337 *anuvāha— ‘driving after’. [√vah] Mth. (NETirhut) anwāh ‘the boy who looks after unemployed bullocks while ploughing’; — doubtful; perh. rather an—wāh ‘not ploughing’.

340 *anusmara— ‘memory’. [Cf. ánusmarati ‘remembers’ RV., Pa. anussarati, Pk. aṇussaraï: √smr̥] Si. nusaraya ‘memory, thought’.

348 *antaḥpathya— ‘in the road’. [antár, pathya—] Pr. tūčū ‘traveller’ (Morgenstierne NTS xv 216 perh. < *tuwūt—č/šū).

349 *antaḥpanthā—. [antár, pánthā—] Pr. tūt ‘on the road’ Morgenstierne.

352 *antaḥsthāna— ‘interior organ’. [Cf. antaḥsthá— ‘in- terior’ ŚBr.: antár, sthā́na—] Paš. chil. andastṓn ‘liver’ Morgenstierne IIFL iii 3, 12. — See antastya—.

353 *antadāmanī— ‘end cord’. [ánta—, dāman ¹—] P. advāiṇ, advāṇ f. ‘cord inserted in foot of bed to tighten the bottom’ (→ H. adwāin, adwān f.)

359 *antarapaṭṭa— ‘inner garment’. [Cf. Pa. antara—sāṭaka—, —vāsaka— m.: ántara—¹, paṭṭa—²] H. ãtrauṭā m. ‘the garment worn beneath a fine sāṛī’.

360 *antaravīthi— f. ‘street between houses’. [ántara—¹, vīthi—] Pa. antaravīthi— f. ‘street’, Si. aturaveya.

363 *antarāgaṅga— ‘between rivers’. [antarā́, gáṅgā—] Si. brāhmī inscr. ataragaga ‘land between two rivers’ Geiger GS 41.

364 *antarānta— ‘inside’. [ántara—¹, ánta—] Gaw. āterānt, atran postp. ‘inside’.

365 *antarābāṇa— ‘the inside reeds’. [antarā́, bāṇá—] Bi. atrāwan, tarāwan ‘a set of three reeds to keep two sets of the warp—thread apart’, Mth. (NETirhut) atrāwan bhā̃j.

366 *antarāmārga— ‘midway’ [antarā́, mārga—] Pa. antarāmaggē ‘midway’; Si. ataramaga, °man̆ga ‘on the road’.

368 *antarāśa— ‘choking’. [antarā́, āśa—] G. ãtrāse adv. ‘in such a way that when drunk in haste a liquid comes out of the nose’.

369 *antarāśana— ‘choking’. [antarā́, áśana—] G. ãtrāsaṇ n. ‘food getting in the windpipe’. antarı̄́ya— n. ‘an inner garment’ Daś. [ántara—¹] X *aṅgarakṣa—.

371 *antarōdaka— ‘being in the water’. [antarā́, udaká—] Kho. andro g ‘diving’.

375 *antarvarṣa— ‘between rain’. [antár, varṣá—] Pa. antōvassa— m. ‘the rainy season’, OSi. inscr. 4th cent. atovasahi, Si. atavasa, ä°, atä°.

380 *antra— ¹ ‘inner’. 2. *antrima—. [antár] 1. Paš. a l iniṅ ‘marrow’, Gaw. e l eṇḍı̄́k (IIFL iii 3, 10 + ?); 2. WPah. bhiḍ. ɛ̄̃tḷõ; ‘inner’. antrá— ² see āntrá—. *antrima— ‘inner’: see *antra—¹. AND ‘bind’: *anda—¹, *andana—, andū́—.

381 *anda—¹, *andana— ‘binding’. [ándati ‘binds’ Dhātup.: √and] H. ā̃d, ãdā, ā̃dan m. ‘mud, quagmire’; — very doubtful. *anda— ² ‘food’ see ánna-

383 *andōla— ‘swinging’. Pk. aṁdōlaya— m. ‘swing, cradle’; Ku. ãdolo ‘doubt’; Or. ādoḷā ‘sedan chair, litter’; G. ãdoḷ ‘swinging’. - X hindōla—: Or. hāndoḷā ‘litter’.

386a *andhakāratamasikā— Add. 14221.

387 *andhatamisrikā—, andhatamisra— n. ‘complete dark- ness of the soul’ VP., °tā° Mn. [Cf. andhatamasá— n. ‘thick darkness’ Pāṇ., Pa. andhatamō n., Pk. aṁdhatamasa- n.: andhá—, támisrā—] Savi anamúši ‘darkness’ (for š cf. Kal. trōmiš s.v. támisrā—); — or poss. < *andhatamiṣī—, cf. támiṣīcī— RV.

388 *andhapaṭṭa— ‘cloth for covering the eyes’. [andhá—, paṭṭa—²] H. ãdhoṭī f. ‘a piece of cloth tied over a horse's or bullock's eyes to blindfold it’.

389 *andharātrya— ‘night blindness’. [Cf. rātryāndhya—: andhá—, rā́tri—] P. nharāttā m., adhrātā ‘night blind’.

391 *andhikāvāta— [andhikā—, vā́ta—] H. ãdhiyāw m. ‘duststorm, whirlwind’.

392 *andhita— ‘blinded’. [andháyati ‘becomes blind’ Dhā- tup., ‘makes blind’ Śiś.: andhá—] Pa. andhita— ‘blind’; B. ā̃di ‘blindfolded’.

396 *anna—uṭṭha— ‘strange’. S. anoṭho ‘perverse’; N. anauṭho ‘strange, queer’, H. anoṭhā, anū°, M. anoṭhā.

397 *annapānīya— [Cf. Pa. annapāna— n., annāpa— ‘food and drink’: ánna—, pānı̄́ya—] Ku. anwāṇī ‘concoction of grain, gruel’.

403 *anyaparaśvas ‘fourth day hence’. [anyá—, paraśvas] P. narsõ; adv. ‘fourth day before or after today’. Addenda: *anyaparaśvas: H. narsõ; ‘fourth day before or after today’, Brj. narō.

404 *anyākāra— ‘of different form’. [Cf. anyathākāram ‘differently’ Pāṇ.: anyá—, ākāra—]. S. niāro ‘separate’, P. neārā, Or. niārā; H. niyārā, nyā° ‘different, separate’, G. nyārũ, M. nyārā.

409 *apakaṣa— ‘scraper’. [Cf. ápakaṣati ‘scrapes off’ AV., used in conjunction with takṣ—: √kaṣ] Or. uṣā ‘mason's plane’.

417 *apaghaṭya— ‘to be screened’. [√ghaṭ] Pk. ōhaṭṭa— m. ‘curtain, screen’, ōhaṭṭa—, °aya— ‘ward- ing off’; H. ohaṭ f. ‘screen, shelter’. — See *apaghāṭa—, apaghāṭayati and cf. *ōṭṭā— which is prob. separate.

418 *apaghāṭa— ‘cover’. [√ghaṭ] Pk. ōhāḍaṇa— n. ‘covering’, °ṇī— f. ‘lid’, ōhaḍaṇī— f. ‘bolt, door—bar’; Or. uhāṛa ‘shelter, cover, shade, screen’; Bi. ohār ‘litter—curtain, lid of brazier's crucible’; Bhoj. ohār ‘cover’; H. ohāṛ, u° m. ‘cover, wrap, litter—curtain’.

420 *apacitta— ‘without thought’. 2. *apacinta—. [cittá—¹, cintā́—: √cit] 1. S. ocito ‘sudden, suddenly’. 2. G. ɔcı̄̃tũ ‘suddenly’.

421 *apacchaṭṭ— ‘separate’. [*chaṭṭ—] P. auchaṭṇā ‘to be separated’.

423 *apatāna—, apatānaka— m. ‘spasmodic contraction of body or stomach’ Suśr. [√tan] *dantāpatāna—.

425 *apatyatara— ‘young of animal’. [Cf. vatsatará—: ápatya—] N. bacero ‘young of a bird’. apatrapatē see *avatrapatē. ápatrasati see uttrasati.

426 *apadāha— ‘burning’. [Cf. ápadahati ‘drives away by burning’ RV., ‘burns up’ MBh.: √dah] N. auṛāhā ‘feverishness, restlessness’ with MIA. ana- logical —ḍḍ—, cf. Pk. avaḍāhēi ‘weeps in a loud voice’, avaddāhaṇā— f. ‘cauterizing’.

427 *apadēśya— ‘foreign’. [dēśá—] Sh. õmacr;śŭ m. ‘guest’ (Rep¹ 60 < vidēśyà— with a query; but v— > Sh. b—).

431 *apanthaka— ‘pathless’. [Cf. ápatha— n. ‘pathlessness’ AV.: pánthā—.] Paš. awaṅgā́n ‘desolate, e.g. of a hill’ Morgenstierne IIFL iii. 3, 23. ápabharati see ápaharati.

432 *apamarśati ‘wipes off’. [From mr̥j— cf. ápamārṣṭi ‘wipes off, removes’ AV.: √mr̥ś] Kal. umbrā́śim ‘I dismiss’.

437 *apararāṣṭra— ‘foreign country’. [ápara—, rāṣṭrá—] Si. varaṭayā ‘foreigner’ Geiger EGS 157.

438a *aparahīyas— Add. 14227.

442 *aparānna— [ápara—, ánna—] Pa. aparaṇṇa— n. ‘vegetables’ (opp. to grain pubbaṇṇa—) CPD 271; M. varaṇ n. ‘tasty dish of pulse’ P. H. Gode, Jain Antiquary xii 1—8; — very doubtful: Pa. ṇṇ and M. ṇ are not explained.

444 *aparēndra— [ápara— or a—para— ‘unrivalled’, indrá—] Kal. rumb. warı̄́n, gen. —dras ‘name of a god’.

447 *apalīyatē ‘is hidden’. 2. *apalāyayati ‘hides’. [Cf. avalīyatē ‘hides oneself’ R.: √lī ²] 1. Phal. suri palı̄́ti ‘the sun is eclipsed’; G. ɔḷvāvũ ‘to be hidden’. 2. Phal. ma palayā́nu ‘I hide’, imper. palā́, Morgen- stierne NOPhal 44.

448 *apalyāṇika— ‘without a saddle’. [palyāṇa—] L. awāṇ. alāṇī.

449 *apavara— ‘cover’. [Cf. apavaraṇa— n. ‘covering gar- ment’ lex.: √vr̥ ¹] K. wūr^ü f. ‘washable cover to a wadded quilt’.

457 *apavārayati ‘wards off, protects’, apavārita— ‘covered’ Mr̥cch. [√vr̥ ¹] Pk. ōvārēi ‘covers’; G. ovārvũ ‘to wish protection from evil, to bless’, ovārṇā̃ n. pl., OG. ūāraṇauṁ n. ‘a bene- dictory service to remove evils’.

458 *apavāsyatē ‘smells bad’. [√vās] H. ausnā ‘to become musty’.

460 *apavāhānta— ‘end of water—channel’. [apavāhá—, ánta—] L. avāndhā, avan° m. ‘opening of a watercourse into a field’, (Jukes) avā̃dhā m. ‘head of a watercourse’.

463 *apaśrāpayati ‘makes retire from’. 2. *apaśrāpaṇa—. [Cf. ápaśrita— ‘retired from’ RV.: √śri] 1. Bi. osāeb ‘to winnow’, H. osānā, us° ‘to winnow, to pour off’; G. ɔsā̆vvũ, asā° ‘to take water off boiled rice, to skim’. 2. Bi. osaunī ‘winnowing’; G. ɔsāmaṇ, as° n. ‘rice- water’.

464 *apasakta— ‘detached from’. [√sañj] Kho. ausát ‘ruined, destroyed’, Sh. ausāt; — doubtful.

469 *apahaṭṭ— ‘move away’. [*haṭṭ—] Pk. ōhaṭṭa— ‘gone away’, m. ‘one who drives away’; Bhoj. ohaṭā ‘far away’.

477 *apākāṁśa—, ‘unripe portion’. [apāka— áṁśa—] H. awā̃sī f. ‘unripe corn cut for use’ (or < *āmāṁśa—). apāktáḥ see *patta—².

483 *apārdha— ‘less than half’. [ardhá—²] Pk. avaḍḍha— ‘half, less than half’; — G. avaḍh, avaḍ ‘unused’ very doubtful.

484 *apāvarati ‘opens’. [ápavr̥ṇōti RV., apāv° RVPrāt.: √vr̥ ¹] Pa. apāpurati, pp. apāruta—; Pk. avāuḍa— ‘uncovered, naked’ < apāvr̥ta—; Gy. hung. var— ‘to open, draw’, vardo ‘open’, eng. pūv—vardo ‘plough (‘earth—opener’)’ — doubtful.

495 *apr̥ta— ‘unfilled, uncompleted’. [√pr̥̄] P. appaṛ ‘untilled’ ? — Dm. Savi auḍā́ ‘thirst’ Morgen- stierne NOPhal 26 < apūrti—, but neither accounts for ḍ.

496 *apr̥ti— ‘deficiency’. [√pr̥̄] P. auṛ f. ‘deficiency of rain, lack, famine’, ḍog. aoṛ f. ‘scarcity’. apēkṣā— see ánapēkṣa—. apēta— see ápaiti. *apēṣayati ‘sends away’. [√iṣ ¹] see *upēṣayati.

499 *apōṣṇa— ‘not hot’. [uṣṇá—] Kal. rumb. ɔ̄žnḗ ‘cool’.

500 *appa— ‘father’. 2. *appā— f. ‘elder sister’. 1. Pk. appa—, °aya— m. ‘father’, A. āp ‘address by lower classes for father, grandfather, or old man’, āpaṭi ‘father’; G. (used by shepherds) āpɔ m. ‘father’; M. āpā ‘term of respect for an elder or of endearment for a son or junior’. 2. Or. apā ‘elder sister’; H. āpā f. ‘id., term of address to an older woman’.

509 *abhāriya— ‘not to be borne’. [Cf. bhāryà— ‘to be borne’ TS.: √bhr̥] Si. bāri ‘impossible’ (Geiger ES 63 < apārya— and EGS 120 < bhārika—).

511 *abhigharati ‘drips’. [Cf. abhíghārayati ‘sprinkles’ TS.: √ghr̥ ¹] G. eharvũ ‘to be wet with sweat, to be liquefied’.

514 *abhicchardati ‘ejects on’. [√chr̥d] A. esāriba ‘to throw, cast off’.

515 *abhijjharati, abhíkṣarati ‘flows round’ RV., ‘pours down’ AV. [√*jhar] G. ijhrāvũ ‘to pine away’.

520 *abhinābhi— ‘up to the navel’ [For abhi— cf. abhijñú ‘up to the knee’ RV.: nā́bhi—] A. enāi adj. ‘coming up to the navel’.

526 *abhimlāyati ‘withers’. 2. *abhimlāpayati ‘causes to wither’. [Cf. mlā́yati ‘withers’ ŚBr., caus. mlāpáyati AV., án—abhimlāta—varṇa— ‘of unfaded colour’ RV.: √mlai] 1. Ku. wahalīṇo ‘to fade, wither’, N. oilinu. 2. Ku. uhalyāṇo, wahalyauṇo ‘to let wither, to dry’; N. oilāunu ‘to let fade’. *abhiyajyatē ‘is led to’, see *bhējj—.

527 *abhiyávaharati, abhyá° ‘throws down (into water)’ VS. 2. *abhiyavaharaṇa—, abhyavahá° n. ‘throwing down’ ŚBr. 3. *abhiyavahāra—, abhya° m. ‘taking food’ Mn. [√hr̥] 1. M. vairṇẽ, oyãrṇẽ, orṇẽ ‘to pour gradually from hand or vessel (rice &c. into water, grain into mill)’. 2. M. vairaṇ, oyãraṇ, oraṇ n.f. ‘grist thrown at one time into the mill, a feed’, vairṇẽ n. ‘the hopper into which grist is poured’. 3. M. vairā, oyrā, orā m. ‘the portion of rice &c. taken out for the day's food’; — in sense ‘kitchen, centre of house’ Bloch LM 302, but rather < apavaraka—. *abhiyavahāra— see *abhiyávaharati. *abhiyāśa— see abhyāśa—. *abhiyāsayati see abhyàsyati.

528 *abhilagyati ‘adheres to’. [√lag] P. ilgaṇ, °ṇī, ilaṅgaṇ, °ṇī f. ‘line to hang clothes on’ (see also *ālagyati); OAw. hilagaï ‘gets entangled’; H. hilagnā ‘to be suspended, hang’, M. hilagṇẽ (l for ḷ after lagṇẽ).

530 *abhilōḍati ‘shakes’. [Cf. abhilulita— ‘agitated’ Kālid.: √luḍ] WPah. cam. hiḷoḷṇā ‘to shake’. abhívartatē see *bhēṭṭ—.

533a *abhihasati Add. 14235. abhyàkta— see *bhiyajyatē Add².

535 *abhīkṣaṇa— ‘looking towards’. [Cf. abhı̄́kṣatē ‘looks toward’ RV.: √īkṣ] Pk. ahikkhaṇa— n. ‘reproach’; Si. ebikana ‘peeping’; — doubtful, cf. ebenavā ‘to peep’ s.v. ā́bhāti. abhı̄́kṣatē see *ācikhyati. [√īkṣ]

539 *abhīṣṭa— ‘sent to’. [Cf. iṣitá— ‘sent’, iṣṭí— f. ‘despatch’ RV.: √iṣ ¹] Kho. (Lor.) yōṣṭ ‘envoy’; — rather than < abhiṣṭí— m. ‘helper’ RV.

543 *abhyaṭati ‘approaches’. [√aṭ] G. ābhaṛvũ ‘to touch’, abhṛāvũ ‘to be made impure by contact’. abhyànakti see *bhiyañjati. Addenda: *abhyaṭati see also *ābhiṭ— Add².

548 *abhyutta— ‘wetted’. [Cf. abhyundánt— pres. part. ‘wet- ting’ RV.: √ud ²] Pk. abbhuttaï ‘bathes’.

551 *abhrakāla— ‘cloudy weather’. [abhrá—¹, kālá—²] H. abhāl m. ‘cloud’, M. abhāḷ, ābh° n. ‘cloudiness’.

552 *abhratala— ‘sky’. [abhrá—¹, tala—] H. abhāl m. ‘sky’, M. abheḷ n. ‘sky’. — See also *abhrakāla—.

553 *abhrabhūta— ‘cloudy’. [abhrá—¹, bhūtá—] OG. ābhūuṁ n. ‘cloud’.

578 *amma— ‘breast, teat’. M. āmā m. ‘breast, bubby’.

580 *amlagandha— ‘sour smell’. [amlá—, gandhá—] K. āmalun^u m. ‘musty smelliness’.

582 *amlapauli— ‘a sour cake’. [amlá—, pauli—] M. ãboḷī f. ‘flour soured by exposure to air and then slightly parched on a girdle’.

584 *amlārta— ‘sour flour’. [amlá—, *ārta—²] WPah. bhad. amlaṭṭu n. ‘yeast’; M. ā̃batẽ n. ‘soured flour’; — poss. G. āmṭī f. ‘a sour dish of gram flour boiled with tamarind’, M. ãbaṭī f. amlikā— see āmlā—.

592 *ayaskūṭa— ‘iron hammer’. [áyas—, kū́ṭa—¹] Pa. ayōkūṭa—, ayak° m.; Si. yakuḷa ‘sledge—hammer’, yavuḷa (< ayōkūṭa—).

601 *araṇyēśa— ‘lord of the forest’. [áraṇya—, īśa—] Si. raṇis ‘hunter, a Vedda’.

613 *arukta— ‘disliked’. [*rukta—: √ruc] K. ar°t^u , f. ar^üċ ^ü ‘bad, no good, useless’; Si. aruta ‘disgust, loathing, aversion to food’.

617 *aruṇatara— ‘reddish’. [aruṇá—] H. arunārā ‘tawny’.

623 *arōcya— ‘displeasing’. [Cf. arṓcaka— ‘not shining’ Kauś., ‘disgusting’ Suśr., arōcuká— ‘displeasing’: √ruc] K. arūċ^u , dat. pl. arōċen ‘unpleasing, disagreeable’. — See arucya—.

628 *arkavarta— ‘a sort of ornament’. [Cf. arkapuṭikā— f. ‘a silver ornament consisting of a round disk like the sun’ lex.: arká—¹, *varta—³] G. akɔṭī f. ‘earring’.

629 *argaḍa—, argala— m.n. ‘bolt’, irgala— m.n. Pāṇ., argalikā— f. ‘small bolt’ lex. [Cf. sā́rgaḍa— ‘barred’ ŚBr. Poss. Muṇḍa origin and further connexions in IA. Kuiper PMWS 14.] Pa. aggaḷa— m., °ḷā— f. ‘cross—bar of a door, bolt’, Pk. aggala— m., °lā— f., Ku. āglo, °liyā, N. āglo; B. āgaṛ, °oṛ ‘mat—door, hurdle’; Or. āgaṛa ‘gate’, āguḷa ‘obstacle’, °ḷā ‘small iron keeper—ring’; Bi. āgar, agrī, āgal ‘wooden bar of door’, OAw. āgari (r < ḍ), H. āgal, aggal m.f., G. āgḷɔ m., °ḷī f., °ḷīɔ m., M. āgaḷ, ag°, āgh° m.f., Ko. agaḷu, Si. aguḷa, °la; — M. agḍā m. ‘tie connecting yoke and pole of cart’ (?). — Der. B. aglāna ‘to restrain, watch’; Or. aguḷibā ‘to lie in wait for’. Morgenstierne IIFL iii 3, 16 places here Dm. argali ‘throat’, Gaw. hargal; Paš. orgól ‘jaw’; — doubtful. argala— see *argaḍa—. Addenda: *argaḍa—: WPah.kṭg. aggƏḷ f. ‘wooden bolt’. †;*bhujārgaḍā—.

631 *arghaṇa— ‘costing’. [árghati] Pa. agghana— n. ‘price’, in cmpd. —agghanaka— ‘having the value of’; Si. aganā ‘precious’.

636 *arjana— ‘millet’. [Cf. Pers. arzan, Orm. ažan Morgen- stierne IIFL i 388, Psht. ẓ̌dan, Khot. éysä H. W. Bailey BSOS viii 122] Ash. aẓū̃ ‘millet’, Wg anj̈ǖ́, anzǖ́ NTS xvii 226 (anǰū̃ NTS xv 247), Pr. üǰǖ̃. — See *aṇuni—.

639 *arthakathā— ‘commentary’. [ártha—, kathā—] Pa. aṭṭhakathā— f., Si. aṭuvāva Geiger GS 58, but prob. ← Pa.

645 *ardhakapāla— ‘migraine’. [Cf. *ardhaśīrṣa—: ardhá—², kapā́la—] Ku. adhālī ‘neuralgia’.

646 *ardhakuḍava— ‘half a kuḍava’. [Cf. ā̆rdhakauḍavika- ‘equal to half a ku°’ Kāś.: ardhá—², kuḍava—] Pk. addhakuḍava—, °kulava— m. ‘a measure of grain’; Ku. aduṛī ‘a wooden measure containing a quarter ser’.

648 *ardhaguṇa— ‘increased by a half’. [ardhá—², guṇá—] S. aḍhū̃ṇo ‘1 1/2 times greater’, adhū̃ṇi f. ‘adding 1 1/2’.

650 *ardhajjhāma— ‘half—burnt’. [Cf. ardhadagdha— MW.: ardhá—², *jhāma—¹] Pa. aḍḍhajjhāma—, °aka— ‘half—roasted’; Si. aḍadamu ‘half—burnt’, coll. aḍadam̆bu;; aḍadamba ‘half—burnt piece of wood or stump’ DSL 118.

652 *ardhatr̥tīyaguṇa— ‘two and a half times’. [ardha- tr̥tīya—, guṇá—] S. aḍhāūṇo ‘2 1/2 times greater’; P. ḍhauṇā ‘2 1/2 times’.

653 *ardhatōla— ‘one half tolaka’. [ardhá—², tōlaka—] G. adhɔḷ ‘weighing about one ounce’, adhɔḷī f. ‘a measure of that capacity’.

655 *ardhapakṣa— ‘having half a side’. [ardhá—² pakṣá—] S. adhokho ‘incomplete’; — deriv. adhokhāro.

656 *ardhapañcama— ‘four and a half’. [ardhá—², pañ- camá—] Pk. addhapaṁcama—; Bhoj. ḍhãgucā, H. ḍhaũcā, ḍhõ;cā (rarrow; P. ḍhaũcā).

657 *ardhapanthaka—, cf. ardhapathē ‘halfway’ Yājñ. [ardhá—², pánthā—] Paš. aḍḍhawaṅ ‘halfway’.

658 *ardhapala— ‘half a pala’. [ardhá—², pala—¹] K. adwal m. ‘weight of two tolās’.

659 *ardhapalya— ‘a half sack’. [ardhá—², palya—] G. adhvālī f. ‘a corn measure equal to half a pālī’.

660 *ardhapāṭa— ‘a half expanse’. [ardhá—², pāṭa—] L. adhvāṛ m. ‘half a sheep's skin’; P. adhvāṛ, adhuāṛ m. ‘half of anything, one side of leather or piece of cloth’; H. adhwāṛ f. ‘half of anything, half a roll of cloth’.

661 *ardhapiṅga— ‘half—yellow’. [ardhá—², piṅga—] H. adhẽgā m. ‘a brown bird with red throat and head and yellow wings and legs’ (= adhā̃gā < ardhāṅga—).

662 *ardhapuṭa— ‘a half fold’. [ardhá—², puṭa—] S. adhoṛa f. ‘a skin of leather’; L. adhôṛī f. ‘half a skin of cow, buffalo, or camel when being tanned’; H. adhauṛī f. ‘a half hide’, M. adhoḍ, adhvaḍ f.; — doubtful.

663 *ardhapurāṇa— ‘half used up’. [ardhá—², purāṇá—] S. adhorāṇo ‘half worn out’; P. addhorānā ‘half—used (of cloth)’, N. adharnu.

664 *ardhapūraka— ‘half—full’. [ardhá—², pūraka—] S. adhoro ‘incomplete’; L. P. adhūrā ‘half—done’, Ku. N. adhuro, A. ādharuwā, H. adhūrā, G. adhurũ, M. adhurā, adhorā.

665 *ardhaphāla— ‘having half a ploughshare’. [ardhá—², phā́la—¹] H. adhahrā m. ‘a plough with a small share’ or < *ardhahala—.

667 *ardhamaṇa— ‘half a maṇa’. [ardhá—², maṇa—] P. addhaṇ, dhauṇ m. ‘half a maund’; H. adhwan, adhaun, dhaun m. ‘half a maund, half of anything’.

668 *ardhamāna— ‘a half measure’. [ardhá—², mā́na—²] Pa. addhamāna— n. ‘a partic. measure equivalent to half a māna’; OSi. aḍmanā, Si. aḍamanāva ‘a partic. measure of liquids or grain’.

669 *ardhamāṣaka— ‘half the weight māṣaka’. [ardhá—², māṣaka—] Pa. aḍḍhamāsaka— m. ‘half a bean as a measure of value or weight’; Si. aḍumahu, °massa ‘a coin worth half a massa’.

672 *ardhavayasa— ‘middle age’. [Cf. pūrvavayasá— n. ‘first age’, madhyamavayasá— n. ‘middle age’ ŚBr.: ardhá—², váyas—³] A. ādaha ‘middle age’, ādahiyā ‘middle—aged’. Addenda: *ardhavayasa—. — Read A. ādah (AFD 208).

673 *ardhavr̥tta— ‘half—completed’. [ardhá—², vr̥ttá—] G. adhoṭ ‘past middle age’; — or poss. < adhɔḍ see ardhavr̥ddha—.

675 *ardhavēḍa— ‘middle—aged’. [ardhá—², vḗlā— which is perh. < *vēḍā—] P. Ku. H. adheṛ ‘middle—aged’, G. ādheṛ, a°; — doubt- ful.

676 *ardhaśīrṣa— ‘migraine’. [Cf. ardhaśiras— n. ‘half a head’ ĀpŚr.: ardhá—², śīrṣá—] Ku. adsisi ‘neuralgia’.

677 *ardhasatēra— ‘half a ser’. [ardhá—², *satēra—] A. ādher ‘consisting of half a ser’. *ardhahala— see *ardhaphāla—. [ardhá—², halá—]

680 *ardhāpūrta— ‘half—filled’. [ardhá—², āpūrta—] Gaw. aḍā́waḍ ‘half—full’ Morgenstierne NOGaw 27.

681 *ardhāvr̥tta— ‘half—melted’. [ardhá—², āvr̥tta—] H. adhāwaṭ ‘half—boiled’; G. adhoṭī f. ‘sugar—cane juice boiled but not allowed to coagulate’.

683 *ardhōttara— ‘increasing by half’. [ardhá—², úttara—] S. adhotiro ‘carrying interest rate of 1/2% per month’.

704 *alambaka— ‘not long’. [lamba—] K. alom^u ‘not pulled out straight (of a rope)’.

706 *alala— ‘cheerful noise’. [Cf. alalābhávant— ‘sounding cheerfully’ RV.] H. alal—bacheṛā m. ‘frisky colt’, alalle—talalle ‘feasting, merriment’.

709 *alasiṣṭha— ‘most lazy’. [alasá—] K. alsēṭh, alsrēṭh, arsrēṭh, gen. °ēṭas ‘very stout, foolish’; — doubtful bec. of ṭ for ṭh. alāka— see arká—².

713 *alikhant— ‘not writing’. [líkhati] G. alehtũ ‘ignorant, careless’; — very doubtful, cf. alheṛ s.v. *allaḍa—. aligarda—, °dha— see alagardá—.

714 *aliṅkāra— ‘hornet’. [Cf. alin—] WPah. l. rudh. raṅghāl ‘hornet’, h. rudh. aṅgāl, Ku. alaṅār, N. arı̃gāl, °gal, ariṅāl.

724 *allaḍa— ‘childish’. S. alaṛu ‘ignorant’, m. ‘stripling’; P. allhaṛ ‘childish’, ḍog. allaṛ ‘inexperienced’; N. allare ‘childish’; H. allaṛ, alaṛ, allaṛh ‘boyish, ignorant’; G. alheṛ ‘ignorant, care- less’; M. allaḍ, alaḍ, alhaḍ ‘raw, inexperienced’: - redup. or + bālá—: H. alaṛ—balaṛ f. ‘childish talk’.

725 *allā— ‘name of a tree or plant’. P. all f. ‘a partic. kind of vegetable’; H. M. āl f. ‘the tree Morinda citrifolia from the root of which a red dye is prepared’.

726a *avakaḍḍhati Add. 14245.

727a *avakalati Add. 14246.

727b *avakasati Add. 14247.

730 *avakāśana— ‘shining, being visible’. [√kāś] With anal. MIA. —kk—: S. okāṇaṇu ‘to clear (of the sky)’; — doubtful.

733 *avakṣara— ‘flowing down’. [~ *avajjhara—: √kṣar] Or. okhara ‘cow's milk’; — doubtful.

734 *avakṣala— ‘washing’ or *avakṣālya— ‘to be washed off’. [Cf. Pa. avakkhalita— ‘washed off’: √kṣal] A. okhal ‘dirt of body or clothes’. avakṣā́ṇa— see *avajjhāyati.

735 *avakṣāra— ‘downward flow’. 2. *avakṣāla—. [√kṣar] 1. Kal. uc̣hár ‘waterfall’; WPah. bhal. ɔ̄ċhār m. ‘trickling’. 2. Gaw. woc̣hā́l ‘waterfall’.

737 *avakṣōdati ‘crushes’. [Cf. avakṣudya ‘having rubbed or pounded to pieces’ Suśr.: √kṣud] WPah. bhad. ɔċċhnu ‘to crush and clean rice’.

738 *avakṣōpa— ‘scratching’. [√kṣup] Dm. oc̣hū́ ‘itch’, Phal. očhṓ.

740 *avagara— ‘swallowing’. [Cf. avagarat ‘swallows’ AV.: √gr̥̄ ²] Si. ugura ‘throat’ (or < udgāra—).

741 *avagarati ‘pours out’. [~avagalati: √gal¹, √*gr̥̄ ¹] With anal. gg: Bhoj. ogaral ‘milk to come into the udder of a cow before giving milk’; G. ogrāḷɔ m. ‘a large brass or copper ladle for serving liquid food’; M. ogarṇẽ ‘to dish or ladle out’, ogar m. ‘a mass (esp. of boiled rice) ladled out’. — Or < *udgarati ¹.

744 *avagāra— ‘swallowing’. 2. *avagāla—. [Cf. Pk. oggālaï ‘chews the cud’: √gr̥̄ ²] 1. G. ɔgār n. ‘residue of cattle fodder’: semant. cf. ɔgaṭh < *avagrasta—. 2. Pk. oggālira— ‘chewing the cud’; G. ɔgāḷ m. ‘chew- ing the cud, cud, quid’. *avagāla— see *avagāra—. *avagālayati see avagalati.

745 *avagirati ‘falls down’. [Cf. avagalati ‘falls or slips down’ Śiś.: √*gr̥̄ ¹] N. oirinu ‘to drop (as corn into mill), fall headlong’; - more prob. < avakirati.

747 *avagrasta— ‘eaten’. [√gras] G. ɔgaṭh, ɔgāṭ n. ‘residue of cattle fodder’: for ṭh in place of th cf. S. ǥaṭho s.v. grasta—; semant. cf. ɔgār < *avagāra—.

748 *avaghaṭṭati ‘decreases, recedes’. [√ghaṭṭ ²] Pk. ōhaṭṭa— ‘withdrawn’, ōhaṭṭaï ‘decreases, with- draws’; Ku. ugaṭṇo ‘to abate, be ruined’; M. ohaṭṇẽ, auṭhṇẽ ‘to abate, ebb, flow down’ (Bloch LM 303 < apahr̥ta—).

750 *avaghara— ‘flowing down’. 2. *avaghala—. [√ghr̥ ¹] 1. Pk. deśīn. vōhara— n. (v— from vaha— ‘current’) ‘water—channel’; L. ohrī f. ‘small water—channel from well’; M. ohar m. ‘channel worn into land by irruptions from the sea’. 2. M. ohaḷ m. ‘oozing, streamlet’; — oḷ, oḷī f. ‘stream- let, gutter’ (rather than < avali—); — with anal. ggh: oghaḷ, vagh° m.f. ‘streamlet’.

751 *avagharati ‘flows down, drops’. 2. *avaghalati. 3. *avaghālayati. [√ghr̥ ¹] 1. Pk. ōharaï ‘throws down, upsets’. 2. M. ohaḷṇẽ, vah° ‘to ooze, trickle’; — with anal. ggh: M. oghaḷṇẽ, vagh° ‘to trickle, fall off’. 3. M. ohaḷṇẽ, vah° ‘to upset’; — with anal. ggh: M. oghaḷṇẽ, vagh° tr. ‘to slip off, make run or slip, reject’.

752 *avagharṣa— ‘rubbing’. [Cf. avagharṣaṇa— n. ‘rubbing off’ Yājñ.: √ghr̥ṣ] Pk. ōhaṁsa— m. ‘stone for rubbing sandal, sandal’ (J. Charpentier IL ii 45 < avadhvaṁsá—), ōharisa— m.; G. orsiyɔ m. ‘stone for rubbing sandal on’, orasṛī f. ‘small ditto’. *avaghala— see *avaghara—. *avaghalati see *avagharati.

754 *avaghātana— ‘instrument for crushing’. [Cf. avaghāta- m. ‘threshing corn in a mortar’ Jaim.: √han ¹] M. vāhaṇ, vāyaṇ, vāīṇ n. ‘stone mortar fixed in the ground’.

756 *avaghāla— ‘trickling down’. [√ghr̥ ¹] Mth. ohārī ‘end of a thatched roof’, ohālī ABORI xxi 107; G. ohāḷ m., oḷⁱ f. ‘silt at the mouth of a river’. *avaghālayati see *avagharati.

757 *avaghrāyati ‘smells at’. [Cf. ávaghrāpayati ‘causes to smell at’ ŚBr.: √ghrā] See *upaghrāyati.

761 *avacchadana— ‘covering’. [√chad ¹] S. ochaṇu m. ‘covering, dress’.

762 *avacchadman— ‘covering’. [Cf. chadman—: √chad ¹] M. osad, °at f. ‘shade with an evil influence, shade, shadow in general’.

763 *avacchāda— ‘cover’. [√chad ¹] Gy. eur. (Sofia) učhál, wel. učal m. ‘shade’; G. ɔchāyɔ m. ‘shadow’.

764 *avacchādana— ‘covering’. [√chad ¹] Pk. occhāyaṇa—; N. ochyān ‘bedding’; Mth. ŏchāŏn, ŏchaunā ‘bed covering’.

767 *avacchr̥ndati ‘abandons’. [√chr̥d] M. osãḍṇẽ tr. ‘to abandon, cast off, throw away’, intr. ‘to be shed, to spill, drop, fall’.

768 *avacchyati ‘cuts off’. 2. *avacchāyayati caus. [Cf. ávacchita— ‘reaped’ ŚBr., °chāta— KātyŚr., chāyayati Pāṇ.: √chō] 1. Kho. ōčhik ‘to break into’; M. õ;sṇẽ ‘to strip off (bark, &c.)’. 2. Or. uchāibā ‘to prune, lop’, or < *ucchyati.

769 *avajjhara— ‘trickling’. [~ *avakṣara—: √*jhar] Pk. ojjhara—, uj° m. ‘stream coming down a mountain- side’; M. oj̈har m. ‘trickling, stream’.

770 *avajjharati ‘drips down, falls, throws down or away’. [√*jhar] Pk. ojjharia— ‘thrown aside’; S. ojhiraṇu ‘to nod from drowsing’; Mth. ojh^arab ‘to be put in disorder, be dis- hevelled’; G. ojhartũ ‘sweeping along, passing with a slight touch’; M. oj̈harṇẽ ‘to trickle, ooze, run in streamlets, graze, just touch’. — Cf. *ujjharati.

771 *avajjhāyati ‘extinguishes’. [Cf. avakṣā́ṇa— ‘burnt down, extinguished’ MaitrS., aṅgārāvakṣáyaṇa— n. ‘instrument for extinguishing coals’ ŚBr.: √*jhai] N. ojhāunu ‘to extinguish a torch, pull a log from the fire and extinguish it’. — MIA. *ojjhāi X vijjhāyati q.v.

771a *avajjhālayati ‘pours down’. [√*jhal] Or. ojhāḷibā ‘to clean out a well or tank, repair a house’. — Cf. *ujjhālayati. avaṭá— ‘pit’: see avatá—.

772 *avaṭṭhiṅga— ‘prop’. [*ṭhiṅga—¹] G. ɔṭhı̃gvũ, aṭh° ‘to lean’, ɔṭhı̃gaṇ n. ‘a prop’.

773 *avaḍḍhāla— ‘falling down’. [√*ḍhal] Bshk. ōḍā́l ‘flood’, Phal. oḍhāl, °ōl.

778 *avatudyatē ‘is pushed off’. [Cf. avatunna— ‘pushed off’ Car.: √tud] H. ojnā tr. ‘to stop’.

779 *avatrapatē ‘is ashamed’. [Cf. apatrapatē MBh.: √trap] Pa. ottapati ‘feels a sense of guilt’, Aś. shah. avatrapeyu ‘be ashamed’; NiDoc. otrava ‘shame’; Kho. ortréik ‘to shy’ Morgenstierne BelvalkarVol 86 < *avatrapaya—.

780 *avatrapya— ‘shame’ .[Cf. apatrapā— f. ‘shame’ lex., nirapatrapa— ‘shameless’ MBh.: √trap] Pa. ottappa— n. ‘remorse’, Si. otap ‘fear to commit sin, shame’; — G. atrūp ‘shameless’ < *utrāp ‘shameful’?

787 *avanamaka— ‘bending’. [√nam] Pa. ōnamaka—; M. oṇvā, vaṇ°, onvā ‘stooping’.

789 *avanahati ‘covers. [Cf. avanahya KātyŚr., ávanaddha- AV., Pa. ōnaddha—, Pk. ōṇaddha—: √nah] Aw. onahā ‘overcast’ pp. of *onah— Baburam Saksena NIA i 397. avanāmayati see avanamati.

791 *avanijyati ‘washes’. [ávanēniktē ‘washes oneself’, ávanējayati ‘causes to wash’ ŚBr.: √nij] Paš. lauṛ. ōnǰ— ‘to wash (clothes, hands)’, ar. äı̃ž—: the latter poss. < *ānijyati (for prep. cf. āsnāna— beside snā́na—); — cf. Pa. ōṇōjēti J. Charpentier IL ii 55 cannot explain ō < ē.

793 *avapuṣya— ‘bud’. [Cf. Pa. ōpuppha— m. ‘bud’ < *ava- puṣpa—: púṣya—¹] Kal. ušik ‘flower’. avabaddha— see avabandhati.

800 *avamakrama— ‘lower row’. [avamá—, kráma—] Wg. ū̃křem dū̃t ‘the lower teeth’; — more prob., like oı̃nkřem dū̃t ‘the upper teeth’, a Wg. cmpd. *avamardati, avamr̥dnāti ‘rubs’ MBh. [√mr̥d] See *ādhūṇḍh—.

802 *avamalaka— ‘partially impure’. [mála—] M. õ;vḷā, ov°, oḷā ‘impure only in a secondary degree’; — cf. Pk. ōmaïlla— ‘dirty’. *avamāṁśa— ‘worst portion’. [avamá—, áṁśa—.] See *adhamāṁśa—. avamāna— see apamāna—.

808 *avaratya— ‘sleep’. [For formation cf. *ātatya— ~ *ātati—: avarati—] Pasš. ōráč m. ‘sleep’.

809 *avarandhati ‘hurts, destroys’. [√randh] Pr. orod— ‘to beat’.

810 *avarapāra— ‘the near bank’. [ávara—, pārá—] Pa. ōrapāra— in anōrapāra— ‘boundless (of the ocean)’; L. urvār ‘on this side of a river’.

811 *avarampati or °phati ‘cuts, scrapes off’. [Cf. raphitá- ‘wretched’ RV., raphati, ramph° ‘injures’ Vop.: √*ramp] Pk. ōraṁpia— ‘scraped, made thin’ (cf. raṁpia— and raṁphia—); M. orapṇẽ, orbaḍṇẽ, orphaḍṇẽ ‘to scrape, scratch, strip off leaves’.

814 *avarīyatē ‘flows down’. 2. *avarīṇa—. 3. *avarē- payati. [Cf. rı̄́yatē ‘flows’ RV., rīṇa— lex., rēpayati Gr.: √rī] 1. Pk. ōlīaï ‘comes down’; Si. erenavā ‘to flow into the udder (of milk), to sink in the mud’. 2. Si. eruṇā pret. of preceding. 3. G. oravvũ ‘to irrigate with well water’; Si. erava- navā ‘to cause to flow down’. *avarīṇa— see *avarīyatē. *avarēpayati see *avarīyatē. Addenda: *avarīyatē: Md. varanī ‘pours’, fen v° ‘bathes’, verum ‘pouring’.

816 *avarōṣa— ‘anger’. [√ruṣ] Wg. urū́ṣ ‘anger’ (or < *ārōṣa—), Si. erehiya (< *ava- rōṣita—?). avarōha— see avarōdha—.

818a *avartmaka— Add. 14250.

819 *avala— ‘contrary’. 2. *avalla—. 1. Pk. avila— ‘difficult’; S. auro ‘ill dispositioned’, aurī f. ‘difficulty, calamity’; G. avḷũ ‘contrary, obstinate’. 2. S. avalo ‘contrary, perverse, unpropitious’.

820 *avalagati ‘fastens to, touches’. [Cf. avalagayati KātyŚr. com.: √lag] Pk. ōlaïa— ‘touching’; S. oraṇu ‘to talk over one's mis- fortunes’ semant. cf. avalagna—.

821 *avalagana— ‘something hanging’. [√lag] H. olan m. ‘plummet’; M. oḷaṇ, olāṇī f. ‘clothes line, string of an iron lamp’, oḷāṇẽ, olā° n. ‘string of an iron lamp, cloth worn during ablution’ (cf. Pk. ōlaïa— ‘put on, worn’).

823 *avalagyati ‘clings to, hangs from’. [√lag] Pa. ōlaggēti ‘makes cling to’; Pk. ōlaggaï ‘follows, serves’; Ash. uluṅa— intr. ‘to hang’, Kt. wuluṅ— ‘to seize’ (NTS ii 241 < avalaṅghayati?); G. oḷaguũ ‘to frequent’; M. oḷãgṇẽ, vaḷ°, vaḷag°, vaḷagh°, vaḷãgh° ‘to hang from, cling to, grasp’, oḷãgh° ‘to cling to, grasp’: nasalized forms perh. X avalambatē, forms with gh perh. X avalaṅghayati, but in M. may be simple variations of spelling.

824 *avalaṅghati °ghita— ‘passed (of time)’ Kathās. [Cf. *avalaṅghayati in Pa. ōlaṅghēti ‘makes jump down’: √laṅgh] S. orā̃ghaṇu ‘to step over’, oraṅgha f. ‘stepping over’; G. oḷãghvũ, °ãguũ ‘to cross, violate’, orãgɔ m. ‘act of crossing, a wrestling trick’.

825 *avalaṇḍayati ‘crosses’. [Cf. ōlaṇḍati ‘throws out’ Dhātup.? — √laṇḍ] Pk. ōlaṇḍēi ‘crosses, transgresses’; M. olā̃ḍṇẽ, olã°, olhā̃ḍṇe ‘to cross or pass over’.

828 *avalaya— ‘refuge’. [√lī ¹] L. olā m. ‘screen, shelter’; H. olā m. ‘screen’; G. oḷɔ m. ‘shelter, protection’. Addenda: *avalaya—: WPah.kṭg. ōl f. ‘cave’; H. ol m.f. ‘screen, shelter’. — OP. olhā m. ‘screen, shelter’ X *ōḍḍh—?

829 *avalalati ‘descends’. 2. *avalālayati. 3. *avalāla—. [√lal, and cf. √*laḍ ²] 1. Pk. ollaria— ‘asleep’; Ku. ularṇo ‘to descend, be degraded’; N. orlanu ‘to descend’; Or. uluribā ‘to fall from its proper place, to be pulled down (of thatch)’. 2. Ku. ulārṇo ‘to bring down’, N. orālnu, orhā°; Or. ulāribā ‘to take down thatch off a roof’. 3. Ku. ulār, °ro m. ‘downward slope, descent’, N. orālo. Addenda: avalalati. 1. WPah.kṭg. ɔḷnõ; ‘to fall down’. 3. *avalāla—: WPah.kṭg. rwaḷi f. ‘downward slope, descent’.

830 *avalavati ‘cuts off’. [Cf. avalūna— ‘cut off’ lex.: √lū] Sh. valōnu̯ ‘to shave (the beard)’; G. ɔḷavvũ ‘to mis- appropriate’ (or < *avalōpayati).

831 *avalasati ‘slips down’. 2. *avalasita—. [√*las ²] 1. Pk. ōrasaï ‘descends’; S. ulahaṇu ‘to descend, set (sun, moon, &c.)’, ulahando m. ‘the West’. 2. S. olahyo ‘western’. *avalāla— see *avalalati. *avalālayati see *avalalati. *avali— ‘line, row’ see āvali—. Addenda: *avalasati. 3. *avalasta— (cf. *lasta— id.): OP. ulatthā ‘descended’. *avalāla— see *avalalati Add².

832 *avalipya— ‘to be smeared’. [Cf. avalipta— ‘smeared’ MBh., Pa. ullittāvalitta— ‘plastered inside and out’, Pk. ōliṁpaï, ōlitta—: √lip] G. oḷap, kāṭh. orpɔ m. ‘line made in plastering with cowdung’.

834 *avaluṇḍati ‘spills’. [√luḍ] Pk. ōluṁḍaï ‘falls, drips’; — M. olãḍṇẽ, ul° tr. and intr. ‘to turn over, spill’ bec. of —l— < MIA. ll rather < *ulluṇḍati.

835 *avalēpayati ‘smears’. [avalimpati KauṣBr., avalēpana- n. ‘ointment’ Suśr., Pk. ōliṁpaï: √lip See upalēpayati.

838 *avalōḍayati ‘stirs up’. [√luḍ] Paš. oroṛ— ‘to mix’.

839 *avalōpayati ‘has cut off’. [avalumpati ‘takes off, cuts off’ TS., Pa. ōlumpēti ‘wrests off’, Pk. ōluṁpa— m. ‘crush- ing’: √lup] G. oḷavvũ ‘to misappropriate’ or < *avalavati. *avavartana— see *avavartayati.

840 *avavartayati ‘turns round’. 2. *avavartana— n. 3. *avavṛttra— ‘instrument for twirling’. [√vr̥t ¹] 1. Pk. ōvattēi ‘twirls round’; Ku. auṭṇo ‘to card cotton’, N. oı̃ṭnu, uı̃ṭnu, Bi. oṭab, õ;ṭab, Mth. aũṭab; H. oṭnā ‘to thrum’. 2. H. oṭnī f. ‘instrument for separating seed from cotton’; M. vaṭṇẽ n. ‘instrument for rolling cotton to separate seed’. 3. S. aiṭru m. ‘spinning wheel’, aiṭriṛī f. ‘small do., cotton cleaning machine’; Ku. wẽṭo ‘cotton gin’, auṭo ‘spindle, cotton gin’; N. oı̃ṭo, uı̃ṭo, aı̃ṭo ‘cotton gin’.

841 *avavahati ‘carries down’. [√vah] Pa. ōvahati, pass. ōvuyhati ‘is carried down (a river)’, Pk. ōvahaï ‘flows, sinks’; Bshk. wā— ‘to flow’ (ū wāant ‘the water is flowing’: Morgenstierne AO xviii 255 < upavah—?); Phal. wahā́ndu ‘streaming, running (of water)’.

843 *avavālayati ‘waves round’. [√val] G. ovāḷvũ ‘to wave a platter with lighted wicks, coins, &c., round the head of a person or idol to remove ill-luck’, M. õ;vāḷṇẽ Bloch LM 303. *avavr̥ta— ‘covered’ see *ōṭṭā—. *avavr̥ttra— see *avavartayati.

844 *avavr̥ddha— or *apa° ‘cut off’. [For prep. cf. ávakr̥ntati ŚBr., apak° Kauś.: √vardh] P. auḍhā, oḍhā m. ‘a strip of leather (esp. for holding the butt of a horseman's spear), stirrup, part of girth’.

845 *avavr̥ṣṭi— ‘rainfall’. [Cf. avavarṣati ‘rains on’ VS., Pa. ōvassati; ávavr̥ṣṭa— TBr., Pk. ōvaṭṭha— ‘rained on’; m. ‘rain’: √vr̥ṣ] S. oṭhi f. ‘falling of rain, plenty of rain, fallen rain’. ávavyayati see ápavyayati.

846 *avaśaṅkatē ‘hesitates’. 2. *avaśaṅkā— f. [√śaṅk] 1. G. ośãkvũ ‘to feel bashful’. 2. G. ośãk f. ‘bashfulness’. Both with ś due to Sk. śaṅkā—?

847 *avaśapati ‘curses’, *avaśapa— m. [Cf. avaśapta- ‘cursed’ MBh., śapa— m. lex.: √śap] K. wŏhawun ‘to curse’, wŏhav m. ‘curse’. Phonet. these may also represent *apa—śap, ut—, upa—, vi— (cf. viśápta— ‘abjured’ MaitrS.).

848 *avaśara— ‘protection, shelter’. 2. *avaśāra—. [For semantic change to ‘roof, veranda, porch’ cf. esp. śaraṇá—. G. ɔ— points to initial apa—. In view of Pa. Pk. words derivation from apasā̆ra— (Bloch LM 303, ND 63 b 10) is semantically unsatisfactory; these words also rule out conn. with upaśāla— n. ‘courtyard before a house’ Kauś. —√śar] 1. Pa. ōsaraka— ‘affording shelter, overhanging (of eaves)’; Pk. ōsariā— f. ‘part round the outside of the door, terrace’; Bi. ŏsrā, (Gaya) usrā ‘veranda’, Mth. (SBha- galpur) ŏsro, Bhoj. ōsarā; G. ɔsrī f. ‘steps at entrance door, front portion of house’; M. osrī f. ‘veranda or unwalled space in front of or behind central part of house’. 2. Pa. ōsāraka— m. ‘outbuilding, shed’; Pk. ōsāra— m. ‘cow shed’; Mth. osārā, osar^abā ‘outer veranda of house’, Bi. osārā, °rī, H. osārā, us° m. ‘veranda, porch’ (→ P. usārā m. ‘porch, vestibule, room on the roof of a house’). *avaśāra— ‘protection’ see *avaśara—. [√śar] Addenda: *avaśara—: S.kcch. ausrī f. ‘front portion of house, verandah’.

851 *avaśīyatē ² ‘is cold’. 2. *avaśyāpayati caus. 3. *avaśyāpana—. [Cf. śīyatē ‘is cold, congeals’ TS., avaśīta— ‘cooled’ Pāṇ., śyāpayati ‘causes to congeal’ Gr.: √śyai]. 1. N. osinu ‘to be damp’. 2. N. osāunu ‘to make damp’; Bhoj. osāil ‘to pour out a liquid to cool it’. 3. Bi. osaunī ‘flat wooden pan for cooling syrup’.

852a *avaśuṣka— ‘dried up’. [Cf. avaśuṣyati ‘becomes dry’ VāyuP., Pa. avasussati ‘withers’: √śuṣ ¹] Pk. ōsukka— ‘dried’, ōsukkhaï ‘makes dry’; Kho. (Lor.) osukik, us° ‘to wither, cease suckling (a child), come to an end’ with dissimilation of ś to s before ṣ rather than direct < pre—IA. *suṣ—? If u— is earlier than o—, prob. < *ut—śuṣka— or *upaśuṣka—.

853 *avaśūyatē ‘subsides (of a swelling)’. [For this use of ava in compd. cf. avasavya— ‘not left’: √śvi] M. vasuj̄ṇẽ ‘(a swelling) to subside’.

854 *avaścandati ‘jumps down’. [< IE. *skend—, see *ścandati: cf. avaskandati ‘jumps down’ BhP.: √skand] Kal. učhúndim ‘I dismount, descend’; — semant. Pk. occhaṁdia— ‘carried off, hurt’, occhanna— ‘attacked, seized’ is difficult, but perh. < ‘jumped upon’.

856 *avaśrayati ‘leans from’. [Cf. avaśrayaṇa— n. ‘act of taking off the fire’ lex.: √śri] Pk. avassiya— ‘hanging from, resting on’; Wg. uṣō- ‘to fall’; Paš. uṣ— ‘to fall down, collapse’ (IIFL iii 3, 20 < avaśr̥̄—); Kal. uṣím tr. ‘I hang’ (or poss. < úpaśrayati: for śr > ṣ see śŕ̥ṅga—, śīrṣá—, > str see áśru—, śrṓṇi—); - Kho. (Lor.) ušik ‘to become dissolved, to melt’ if š represents ṣ; if not, then < avaśīyatē ¹.

857 *avaślakṣṇayati ‘smooths out’. [Cf. ślakṣṇayati ‘smooths, softens’ KātyŚr.: ślakṣṇá—] Pa. ōsaṇhēti ‘smooths out, combs out’; H. osannā ‘to knead dough’. avasá— see apūpá—.

859 *avasalati ‘jumps down’. [√sal] Wg. ūsal— ‘to fall’.

861 *avasāra— ‘moving aside’. [Cf. avasārayati: √sr̥] Pk. ōsāra— m. ‘going away’; B. osār ‘width, wide’, Or. osār, usār, H. osār m. and adj.; M. osār, vasār, usār m. ‘space left vacant, room for passing’, osārā m. ‘inter- mission of work’.

863 *avasupta— ‘asleep’. [Cf. Pk. ōsōvaṇī— f. ‘hypnotic power’: √svap] Pr. ostom— ‘to fall asleep’ Morgenstierne NTS xv 287 without being able to account for —m—. Rather < *ava- stumbhatē. avaskara— ‘faeces’ see apaskara—.

865 *avastara— ‘strewing, covering’. [√str̥] Pa. ottharaka— n. ‘a kind of strainer’; N. othro ‘nest’. avastaraṇa— see *avastarati.

866 *avastarati, ávastr̥ṇāti ‘strews’ VS., ‘covers’ MBh. 2. avastaraṇa— n. ‘strewing’ KātyŚr., ‘bed—cover’ Āp. [√str̥] 1. Pa. ottharati ‘covers’; Pk. ottharaï, ut° ‘covers, overcomes’, (X chad—: occharaï ‘covers’); K. wŏtharun ‘to wipe’; N. othranu ‘to hatch (eggs)’; Mth. oth^arab ‘to spread (esp. kuśa grass)’; — G. ɔtharvũ ‘to be possessed by anger’? 2. Pa. ottharaṇa— n. ‘spreading over’; Pk. ottharaṇa- n. ‘coverlet’; K. wǒ;tharun^u m. ‘towel’.

868 *avastumbhatē ‘becomes still’. [√stubh ²] Pr. ostom— ‘to fall asleep’, absol. ostomı̄́ (Morgenstierne NTS xv 287 suggests *avasupta—).

869 *avastr̥ti— ‘spreading’. [Cf. stŕ̥ti— f. TS. and *avastr̥ta— in Pa. otthaṭa— ‘spread over’, Pk. otthaa— ‘scattered’: √str̥] S. othaṛi, °ṛa f. ‘any epidemic or contagious disease, pestilence’.

870 *avastēpa— ‘dripping down’. [√stip] G. uthevɔ m. ‘leak in a roof’; M. othivḷā, othiḷā, othḷā m. ‘drippings from a tree after a shower’.

876 *avasnāyati ‘bathes’, cf. avasnāpayati ‘washes’ Kauś. 2. avasnāta— ‘bathed in’ MBh. 3. *avasnāna— ‘bathing’. [√snā] 1. Kho. usnéik ‘to swim’ Morgenstierne Belvalkar Vol 86 (rather than < útsnāti ‘emerges from water’ which would have > uṣ—). 2. S. ūnho ‘deep’: doubtful but cf. next. 3. Pk. avaṇhāṇa— n. ‘washing’; Kho. usnānu ‘deep water where it is necessary to swim’; S. ūnhāṛu m. (< *ūnhāṇu with dissimilation of n — ṇ?), ūnhāṇī f. ‘depth’.

878 *avasravaṇa— ‘flowing down’. [Cf. avasrāvayati ‘makes flow down’ KātyŚr.: √sru] Pa. ossavana— n. ‘outflow, running water’; M. vasaṇ n. ‘alluvium’.

886 *avālu— ‘mucus membrane of mouth (?)’. Pk. avāluā— f. ‘part adjoining the lips’; G. avāḷu n. ‘gums of the teeth’.

891 *avidhavātva— n. ‘the state of a woman whose husband is living’. 2. *avidhavātvana—. [avidhavā́—] 1. B. āiot, OAw. ahivāta, lakh. auhāt, H. ahiwāt, ahī° f. — Deriv. Ku. awaitī ‘a woman whose husband is living’, Or. uhāti, Bi. ahiwātī, ehw°, H. ahiwātī f. 2. G. e h e vātraṇ, e vātaṇ, h e vātan, e vā° n.

892 *avipaṣṭha— ‘lamb’. [ávi—, *paṣṭha—] S. aiṭha f. ‘she-goat 10 or 12 months old’. — Or < *ajapaṣṭha—.

894 *avibhīta— ‘fearless’. [Cf. vibhīta— ‘afraid’ MārkP., Pk. vīhiya— ‘frightened’ < *vihīya—; vibibhēti ‘fears’ MBh.: √bhī] H. poet. awīh ‘fearless’ rather than < abhīta—.

895 *avimaya— ‘consisting of sheep’. [ávi—, maya—: cf. gōmáya— ‘consisting of cattle’ RV.] Kt. wē ‘sheep’, Wg. wamḗ, Pr. wamī (poss. Morgen- stierne NTS xvii 310).

896 *avivāṭa— m. ‘sheep-pen’. [ávi—, vāṭa—¹] H. aiwārā m. ‘shed for sheep, goats or cattle in jungle’: with EH. —r— < —ṭ— rather than < —vāra—. — Or < *ajavāṭa—.

898 *avīdhriya— ‘cloudy sky’. [*vīdhriya—] Paš. nir. abili ‘dust cloud’, weg. avelı̄́ ‘shade (?)’: —b- from an unrecorded positive with b— < v—. — Doubt- ful.

901 *avōṅghati ‘sleeps’. 2. *avōṅghā— ‘sleep’. [For ava- cf. avasupta— ‘asleep’ R.: √*uṅgh] 1. P. ū̃ghṇā ‘to doze’; Mth. aũghāeb ‘to be sleepy’, H. aũghnā, °ghānā. 2. S. ū̃gha f. ‘sleep’, P. ū̃gh f., H. õ;gh f. *avōṇḍa— ‘deep’: see *ūṇḍa—.

902 *avōtta— ‘flowed down’. [Cf. avōda—, utta— ‘wet’ lex., unátti ‘wets, flows’ RV.: √ud ²] S. otaṇu ‘to pour’, ota f. ‘pouring’; G. otvũ ‘to pour, form by melting and pouring into a mould, cast’, M. otṇẽ, vat°; OM. vota m. ‘overflow of a stream’. — Or phonet. as well, but semant. less likely < úpōtta- ‘moistened’ TS., úpōnatti ‘wets’ ŚBr. avōda— see úpōdaka—.

903 *avyūḍha— ‘unmarried’. [Cf. vyūḍha— ‘married’ Kathās.: √vah] B. āibuṛa, Or. āibuṛhā.

904 *avvā— ‘mother’. Pk. avvā— f. ‘mother’; M. avā, avāji f. ‘term of courtesy in addressing a Śūdra woman’. AŚ ¹ ‘reach’: áṁśa—, *aśyatē; abhyāśa—, *vyaṣṭa—. AŚ ² ‘eat’: *aśati, áśana—, ā́śa, āśá—; prāśa—, prāśanīya—.

908 *aśati ‘eats’, aśnā́ti RV., aor. subj. aśīt, past part. aśitá—. 2. Perf. ā́śa. [√aś ²] 1. Aś. gen sg. pres. part. shah. aśamanasa, man. aśatasa; Paš. ay— ‘to eat’, I sg. pres. ayam (IIFL iii 3, 24 < ad—, see *adati). 2. Kal. āšis, urt. ažuis ‘I ate’.

916 *aśyatē ‘is obtained’. [Cf. aśnṓti ‘obtains’ RV.: √aś ¹] Sh. koh. hăšōnu̯ ‘to be obtained’.

917 *aśravaṇaka— ‘deaf’. [Cf. aśravaṇa— n. ‘not hearing’, Pa. assavanatā— f. ‘inattention’: śrávaṇa—] Kt. asƏṅa ‘deaf’.

934 *aṣṭapakṣa— [aṣṭā́, pakṣá—] Si. aṭavaka, coll. aṭōka ‘the eighth day after new or full moon’ Geiger GS 88.

936 *aṣṭabhōgya— ‘eighth share’. [aṣṭā́, bhṓgya—] L. aṭhōg m. ‘an eighth share, esp. of land’.

939 *aṣṭamāsya— ‘of eight months’. 2. *aṣṭamāsiya—. [aṣṭā́, māsya—] 1. Bi. aṭhwā̃s ‘eight months’ child’, Mth. aṭhmās, (SBhagalpur) aṭhmasuā; H. aṭhwā̃sā m. ‘land ploughed for sugar—cane for eight months’. 2. B. aṭāse ‘eight months’ child’, Or. aṭhāsiā, Bi. (S of Ganges) aṭhwā̃sī.

940 *aṣṭavāra— ‘period of eight days’. [aṣṭā́, vāra—²] P. ḍog. ṭhuār m. ‘eight days’; WPah. cam. aṭhwārā ‘week’; Or. āṭhuāri ‘happening once a week’; H. aṭhwārā m. ‘week’. Addenda: *aṣṭavāra—. — X cmpds. with vāṭa—¹: H. aṭhwāṛā m., G. aṭhvāḍiyũ n., M. āṭhavḍā m. (pandravḍā m. ‘fortnight’).

942 *aṣṭāguṇa— ‘eightfold’. [aṣṭaguṇa— Mn.: aṣṭā́, guṇá—] S. aṭhū̃ṇo, P. aṭhāuṇā.

947 *aṣṭādhika— ‘eight above’. [aṣṭā́, ádhika—] S. aṭhyo ‘eight above’ (used as a prefix to 100's).

956 *aṣṭōttara— ‘increased by eight’. [aṣṭā́, úttara—] Pk. aṭṭhuttara— ‘plus eight’, Si. aṭaturu. *aṣṭōttaraśata—.

957 *aṣṭōttaraśata— ‘one hundred and eight’. [aṣṭōttara—, śatá—] Pa. aṭṭhuttarasata— n. ‘the lucky number 108’; Pk. aṭṭhuttarasaya— n. ‘108’; Si. aṭaturusiya ‘108’ prob., like aṭaturāsiya despite DSL 103, a Si. cmpd.

961 *asaghra— ‘not strong’. [*saghra—: √sagh] S. agho ‘weak’ < *ahagho?. — Deriv. aghāī f. ‘weak- ness’, aghāijaṇu ‘to become weak’.

965 *asamabhara— ‘uneven load’. [ásama—, bhára—] L. ā̃hvar f. ‘an uneven one—sided load’.

970 *asigrāha— ‘sword—bearer’. [así—, grāhá—] Pa. asiggāha—, °aka— m. ‘sword—bearer’, Si. (SigGr) asigi.

981 *asthāghya— ‘unfordable’. [sthāgha—] Pk. atthaggha— ‘deep’; G. athāg, °āk ‘bottomless’, M. athā̃g, athāk. Addenda: *asthāghya—. 2. †;*asthāghiya—: A. âthāi ‘fathomless’ AFD 224.

995 *ahirūpa— ‘snake’. [áhi—, rūpá—] G. h e ru m.n., e ru m. ‘snake’, Ko. hairũ.

997 *āī— ‘mother, aunt’. [Prob. a nursery word] Dm. yī ‘mother’, yai ‘grandmother’; Paš. āı̄́ ‘mother’ (→ Par. āi IIFL iii 3, 1), Kal. ā́y *l, Bshk. īēī; S. āī f. ‘mother, aunt, respectful address for any senior female relative’; N. āi—māi ‘wife, woman’; A. āi ‘mother, smallpox’, āiṭi ‘affectionate address for a girl’; B. āī ‘mother's mother, mother's aunt’; Or. āī ‘mother's mother’; G. āi f. ‘mother, grandmother’; M. āī f. ‘mother, term of endearment for an infant’, āī—bāī f. ‘motherly old woman’, āī—māī f. ‘mother, motherly person’. — The Dard. words poss. < āryikā—. Addenda: *āī—: S.kcch. āī f. ‘mother’; WPah.kc. ai.

998 *ākaḍḍhati ‘pulls’. [Cf. ākarṣati: √*kaḍḍh] Pa. ākaḍḍhati ‘draws out or up or to’; Pk. āyaḍḍhaï ‘pulls’; — S. āḍhaṇu ‘to smear with oil’, L. āḍhaṇ ‘to rub, shampoo with oil, &c.’ (< ‘*manipulate’?).

999 *ākattha— ‘talk’. [ākatthana— ‘boasting’ R.: √katth] Paš. ā g āt m. ‘word, tale’ (← Sk. Morgenstierne IIFL iii 3, 7.)

1009 *ākāśiya—, ākāśyà— ‘of the sky’ Pāṇ. Kāś., ākāśīya- Suśr. [ākāśá—] Pk. āgāsiya— ‘having reached the sky’; Sh. gil. ăgái f. ‘sky’, gur. aṅáï (earlier *agāši → Ḍ. *l gōṣ f. ‘sky’ if ṣ recorded for š, Bur. aiy *l š, Par. ā g ḗš IIFL i 232).

1011 *ākucyatē ‘is contracted’. [Cf. ākuñcayati ‘bends’ Suśr., Pk. āuṁcēi ‘contracts’: √kuc] M. akrusṇẽ, °asṇẽ (X akarasṇẽ ← Sk. ākarṣati).

1013 *ākkaḍa— ‘cramped, stiff’. [Poss. < ā́kr̥ta— ‘arranged, built’ RV., ā́kr̥ti— f. ‘shape’ KātyŚr.: ‘shaped > *mis- shapen’] K. akūr^u ‘stiff’; S. ākuṛu m. ‘cramp, stiffness’, ākaṛi f. ‘pride’; L. ākiṛ f. ‘stiffness, conceit’, ākaṛaṇ ‘to become stiff, stretch oneself’; P. ākaṛ, ak° f. ‘crookedness, affectation’, ākaṛnā, ak° ‘to writhe, be stiff, be cramped, strut’; Ku. akaṛṇo ‘to be cramped, be cold, be dis- obedient’; N. akkar ‘a difficult place’, akranu ‘to get cramped’; B. ākaṛ ‘difficult’; H. akaṛ f. ‘twist, bend, foppery’, akaṛnā ‘to be numbed’; G. akkaṛ ‘stiff, erect’, m. ‘fop’, akṛāvũ ‘to be stiff, boast’; M. akaḍ f. ‘swagger’, akaḍṇẽ ‘to strut’. — With —r— in place of —ḍ—: P. ākar = ākaṛ, ākrā ‘stiff (esp. of flour)’. Addenda: *ākkaḍa—: WPah.kṭg. ɔṅkƏṛnõ; ‘to stretch oneself, strut’; WPah.J. akṛnu ‘to be stiff, strut’.

1014 *ākkira— ‘dear, costly’. [Connexion with ā—krī- (*ākrī—ra—?) very doubtful] S. ākiro ‘risen in price, dear, cross—dispositioned’; B. ākrā ‘high priced’; Or. ākrā ‘costly, urgent’; H. akrā ‘costly’; G. ākrũ ‘costly, difficult, hot—tempered (= ākḷũ)’. ā́kta— see aktá—. Addenda: *ākkira—: OMarw. ākaraü ‘bright (of lamps), sharp (of speech)’.

1020b *ākṣapāṭa— Add. 14264.

1021 *ākṣaya— ‘dwelling place’. [ā́kṣēti ‘dwells’ RV.: √kṣi ¹] S. ākheṛo m. ‘a bird's nest’.

1022 *ākṣara— ‘flowing, dripping’. [√kṣar] S. ākharu m. ‘scum of butter which rises when boil- ing to make ghee’.

1023 *ākṣarati ‘drips’. [ākṣārayati ‘besprinkles’; cf. *ākṣa- lati: √kṣar] N. akhranu ‘to become partly dry (usu. of clothes)’.

1024 *ākṣalati ‘flows’. 2. *ākṣālayati ‘causes to flow’ [Cf. *ākṣarati: √kṣal] 1. OM. āsalaṇeṁ ‘to flow (of tide), swell up’. 2. L. akhālaṇ ‘to clear (a watercourse)’. *ākṣālayati see *ākṣalati. Addenda: *ākṣalati. 2. *ākṣālayati: Garh. akhāḷnu ‘to rinse’. *ākṣālayati see *ākṣalati Add².

1027 *ākṣirati ‘perishes’. [√kṣar] Sh. (Lor.) e c̣iroiki, *l c̣° ‘to become at a loss when looking for a thing’; — doubtful.

1028 *ākṣuṭati ‘puts against’. [√kṣuṭ] S. ākhuṛaṇu ‘to trip’.

1029 *ākṣuṇṇa— ‘pierced’. [√kṣud] Sh. ăc̣hūṇu̯ m. ‘hole’, °ṇi̯ f. ‘small hole’.

1030 *ākṣundati ‘tramples’. [Cf. ākṣōdana— n. ‘hunting’ lex.: √kṣud] Kt. ačune— ‘to run’ (semant. cf. G. khũdṇũ ‘running about’ see *kṣundati). — Or < *ācchundati, cf. ācchōdana— lex. v.l. for ākṣōdana—.

1033 *ākṣōṭayati ‘withdraws’. [ācchōṭita— ‘pulled, torn’ Jain.; semant. cf. ākṣipati ‘takes away, withdraws’, Pk. akkhitta— ‘dragged’: √kṣuṭ] Pk. akkhōḍaï ‘jerks a little, withdraws (sword from sheath) (see also ā́skauti), acchōḍēi ‘dashes about, sprinkles’; Mth. achorab ‘to snathch’; M. āsuḍṇẽ ‘to shake (the winnowing fan)’, asuḍṇẽ, ā̃saḍ°, as° ‘to pull with a jerk, dash forcibly, pluck from’. ākṣōḍa— see akṣōṭa—.

1035 *ākharjati ‘scratches’. [kharju—¹] Kho. axlik ‘to comb’ or < ā́likhati.

1036 *ākhuṭati ‘trips’ intr. 2. *ākhōṭayati ‘strikes against’ tr. [√*khuṭ ¹] 1. Pk. āhuḍaï ‘falls’. 2. Pk. āhōḍaï ‘strikes, beats’; S. ahoṛaṇu, ahuṛ° ‘to roughen a millstone by pricking with a chisel’, ahoṛo m. ‘stonecutter's chisel’; M. ahaḍṇī f. ‘brazier's instrument for smoothing down dints in new—made vessels’.

1039 *ākhēlati ‘plays’. [√khēl] H. poet. helnā ‘to sport, play’; — doubtful. ākhōṭa— see akṣōṭa—. *ākhōṭayati see *ākhuṭati

1042 *ākhyātra— ‘saying’. [Cf. ākhyātr̥— m. ‘one who tells’ AitBr., Pa. akkhātar— m.: √khyā] P. ḍog. ākhtrī f. ‘saying’.

1047 *āgāḍha— [Cf. samāgāḍha— ‘violent’ lex.: √gāh] Pa. āgāḷha— ‘strong, rough’; Pk. āgāḍha— ‘strong, very deep’; S. āṛāhu ‘prodigious’, m. ‘a deep hole in a river where the water rushes in violently, prodigy’.

1049 *āguṅga— ‘rather dumb’. [*guṅga—] H. aũgī f. ‘dumbness’.

1051 *āgrathnāti ‘twines round’. [Cf. āgrantham adv. ‘twining round’ AitBr.: √granth] OM. agāthṇẽ ‘to weave closely’.

1053 *āgrāhayati ‘holds back’. [Cf. ā́gr̥bhṇē ‘I hold in (horses)’ RV., Pk. aggaha— m. ‘obstinacy’: √grah] P. agrāhuṇā ‘to seize, prevent’.

1055 *āghala— ‘overflow, refuse’. [√*ghal] L. āhal m. ‘manure’, ahālī m. ‘bullock which carries the scavenger's muck’; H. āhlā m. ‘overflow, inunda- tion’.

1058 *āghālayati ‘rinses’. [Cf. ā́ghārayati ‘sprinkles’ TS., ŚBr., ā́jigharti ‘sprinkles with fat’ RV.: √*ghal] With anal. MIA. —ggh—; S. āghāraṇu ‘to rinse’, L. aghālaṇ, P. hãghālṇā, hãgā°; M. āghāḷṇẽ, agh°, aghaḷ° ‘to rinse by shaking in water’.

1059 *āghuṭati ‘turns to, comes’. [√ghuṭ] Or. āhuṛā—bāhuṛā ‘coming and going’.

1060 *āghēra— ‘circle’. [√*ghir] Or. aïrā ‘circular mat to put under a waterpot’. āghrāṇa— see āghrāpayati.

1061 *āghrātikā— ‘bouquet’. [Cf. āghrāta— ‘smelt, scented’ Suśr.: √ghrā] Pk. agghāia— ‘smelt’; Si. ägã̤ ‘festoon work, bouquet’ H. Smith JA 1950, 184 (< *āghrāyikā—) or perh. < *arghiya—, see arghya—.

1063 *ācakṣati, ā́caṣṭē ‘looks at’ RV., ‘announces’ TS. [√cakṣ] Pk. āyakkhaï ‘says, relates’; Wg. ā̃čas— ‘to regard’ (or < *ācākaśīti, cf. cā́kaśīti ‘see clearly’ ŚBr.); poss. M. āikṇẽ ‘to hear, attend to’ (more prob. < *ācikhyati). Addenda: *ācakṣati: Woṭ. as— ‘to say, speak’ Buddruss Woṭ 89.

1067 *ācaṣṭa— ‘tasted’. [√cakṣ ².] S. āṭho ‘defiled’; B. ẽṭo ‘leavings of a meal’, Or. ãiṭhā, Mth. aı̃ṭh; G. e ṭhⁱ f. ‘refuse of a meal’, e ṭhũ ‘left after eating’. — Except for S. poss. < āmṛṣṭa— ‘touched, tasted’, Pa. āmaṭṭha—, Pk. āmuṭṭha— which would account for nasalization. *ācākaśīti ‘sees clearly’. [cā́kaśīti ‘surveys’: √kāś] See *ācakṣati.

1070 *ācāmāmla— ‘sour gruel of rice—water’. [ācāma—, amla—] Pk. āyaṁbila— n. ‘a kind of austerity’; G. ā̃bel n. ‘religious vow observed by Jains to take no food con- taining fatty substances’.

1073 *ācāriyakula— ‘teacher's family’. [ācāríya—, kúla—] Pa. ācariyakula— n. ‘the teacher's clan’; Si. ädurol ‘line of teachers, tradition’. ācāryà— see ācāríya—.

1074 *ācikhyati ‘communicates’. [Redup. pres. or desid. of ākhyāti, cf. cikhyāpayiṣā— f. ‘intention to communicate’ Com. on Nyāyas.: √khyā] Pa. ācikkhati ‘tells, shows’, Pk. āikkhaï; M. āikṇẽ, aik° ‘to hear, attend to’, Ko. āik— ‘to listen’; — or poss., bec. of kh ← Centre, < *ācakṣati. Either of the above, bec. of ā—, rather than abhíkhyat ‘perceive’ RV., Pk. abhikkhā— f. ‘name’ or ávēkṣatē. — Bloch LM 301 < abhīkṣatē ‘looks towards’ RV., Pk. ahikkhaṇa— n. ‘reproach’.

1075 *ācullī— ‘small or secondary stove’. [For ā— cf. ākōpa- ‘a little anger’: cullī—] P. āhulā, auhlā m. ‘second opening in a fireplace on which an extra pot can be placed’. Addenda: *ācullī— see *apacullī— Add².

1076 *ācchaṭ— ‘scatter, snap’. [√*chaṭ] BHSk. acchaṭā— ‘snap of the fingers’. See *ācchardati.

1078 *ācchabhita— ‘made firm’. [Cf. skabhitá— fixed’ RV.: √*chambh] Ash. ac̣age ‘cold’, Wg. āčēi—.

1079 *ācchambha— ‘rigidity’ > 1. ‘freezing’. 2. ‘astonish- ment’. [Cf. ā́skabhnāti ‘firmly fixes’ RV.: √*chambh] 1. Wg. ačamā́ ‘ice, icicle’ cf. *ācchabhita—. 2. Si. aham̆bayā ‘accident, surprise’, aham̆ben ‘acci- dentally’, aham̆ba ‘sudden’; H. acambhā, °bā ‘wonder- ful’, m. ‘wonder’ → P. acambhā m. and adj.; N. acambha, °ba ‘surprise’, B. ācambā; Mth. acambhā ‘wonderful’; G. acãbɔ, oc° m. ‘wonder’, M. acãbā; - partially sanskritized in A. āsambit ‘astonished’, B. Or. ācambit, H. acambhit, M. acãbīt.

1080 *ācchambhati ‘is stiff’. [Cf. ā́skabhnāti ‘firmly fixes’ RV.: √*chambh] M. āċãbṇẽ ‘to be struck with astonishment’.

1081 *ācchardati, ā́cchr̥ṇatti ‘pours on’ VS. [√chr̥d] A. āsāriba, es° ‘to throw, cast off, āsār ‘the throwing off’, āsāre kani ‘driving rain’; B. āchṛāna ‘to throw down violently’, āchāṛ ‘dashing down’, āchṛā ‘shower’ Chatterji ODBL 888; — or poss. < *ācchaṭ—.

1084 *ācchindati, ā́chinatti ‘cuts off, cuts in pieces’ AV., ‘snatches away’ MBh. [√chid] Pa. acchindati ‘removes forcibly’; NiDoc. achinati ‘appropriates’; Pk. acchiṁdaï ‘cuts in small pieces, removes forcibly’; OSi. asin̆danavā ‘to take away’, caus. asin̆davanavā, mod. ähin̆dinavā ‘to gather up, pick out, sort (e.g. coffee beans)’. — Or phonet., but not perh. semant., as well < sáṁchinatti ‘cuts to pieces’, Pa. saṁchindati.

1085 *ācchir— ‘settle’. [Cf. Pk. ucchiraṇa— ‘spat out, left over’: —chir— ~ —skirati, √kr̥̄ ¹?] S. āchiraṇu ‘to settle, subside (as dirt in water)’; G. ācharvũ ‘to settle down (as water), become clear’. ācchuka— see ākṣika—.

1086 *ācchundati ‘tramples’. [√*chud] See *ākṣundati.

1087 *ācchupati ‘takes hold of’. [√chup] See ākṣipati. ā́cchṛṇatti see *ācchardati.

1093 *ājuṣṭa— ‘tasted’. [Cf. juṣátē ‘enjoys’ RV., Pk. āusaï ‘serves < *gives to taste’ < *ājuṣati: √juṣ] S. auṭho ‘impure, unclean’.

1102 *āḍi— ² ‘row, line, ridge’, āli—¹ f. ‘row, range, line’ lex., ālī— f. Pañcat. [Connexion with āvali— (Mayrhofer EWA i 81) doubtful] Pa. āḷi—, āli— f. ‘line, dam’; Pk. ālī— f. ‘line, row’, ḍaḍḍhāḍī— f. ‘line of forest—fire’ (< *dagdhāḍi—); L. āṛā m. ‘sandhill, highlying land’, P. āṛī f.; Ku. āl f. ‘tract of land’, āli f. ‘row (of plants), bed (for plants), old measure of land’; N. āli ‘ridge in a field’; A. āli ‘embankment across a rice—field, road’; B. āli, ail ‘dividing ridge in a field’; Or. āṛi ‘ridge in a field’, āḷī ‘a class’; Bi. Mth. ār, ārī, āri, (Gaya) āil, (S. Munger) āl ‘boundary of a field’, H. ārī f., ālī f. ‘row, embank- ment’; M. āḷ, āḷī f. ‘lane, row’; Si. inscr. aḍi ‘canal’, mod. äla, äliya ‘stream, canal’. *kaṇāli—, *ghuṅghurāli—, *chinnāli—, *daṇḍāli—, dantāli—, dīpālī—, *pañjāli—, vātālī—; — *pāḍi—?

1103 *āḍu— ‘peach’. [Perh. < *ā̆rdūda— in Pahl. ālū d, Pers. ālū ‘plum’ → H. ālū] Ash. arū́ ‘peach’, Kt. aŕū̃, Wg. ā́rū̃, Dm. âru, Paš. arū́ (← Ind. IIFL iii 3, 15), Shum. arū́, Gaw. hā́rū, Kal. ā́ru, Tor. ā, Phal. ṓru, K. ör^ü f., L. āṛū—dāṛū, P. āṛū m.; WPah. bhal. āru m. ‘peach—tree’, ārũ n. ‘peach’; Ku. āṛū ‘peach’, N. āru, H. āṛū m. Addenda: *āḍu—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) aru m. ‘peach’, J. arū m. ‘apricot’.

1104 *āḍḍērikā— ‘a partic. plant’. S. āḍ̱erī f. ‘Solanum jacquinii’; N. aṛeri ‘a partic. thorny bush’; Mth. aṛer ‘the jujube tree’.

1105 *āḍḍhalati ‘falls towards’. 2. *āḍḍharati [√*ḍhal] 1. M. āḍhaḷṇẽ, aḍh° ‘to fall in the way of, to meet’. 2. K. öḍ^arun ‘to mix up together’.

1113 *āṇḍajāta— ‘egg—born’. [aṇḍaja— m. ‘bird’ Mn., Pk. aṁḍaya— m.: āṇḍá—, jātá—] Si. aṇ̆ḍudāvā ‘bird’ Geiger EGS 5, but rather a Si. cmpd.

1114 *āṇvaka— ‘small coin’. [Connexion with aṇu—² by no means certain: Or. M. indicate MIA. single —ṇ—] K. āna m. ‘anna, 16th part of a rupee’, S. āno m., L. ānā m., P. ānnā m., N. ānā, A. anā, B. ānā, āni, Or. aṇā, aṇi, Mth. anā, H. ānā m., G. āno m., ānī f., M. āṇā, aṇā m., aṇī f.

1115 *ātatya— ‘extended’. [Ext. with —a— (cf. *avaratya—) of *ātati—, cf. ā́tata— ‘stretched (as a bow)’ RV., ‘long (as a way)’ ChUp.: √tan] Paš. āč ‘full’ Morgenstierne IIFL iii 3, 3.

1117 *ātapataila— ‘oil got by heating’. [ātapá—, tailá—] M. āvel n. ‘oil obtained from heated scrapings of young coconuts’.

1119 *ātapala— ‘hot’ [ātapá—] N. aul ‘low hot place, malarial fever’; H. poet. aūlanā ‘to become hot, (heat) to be oppressive’.

1120 *ātapasyati ‘is hot’. [tapasyà— ‘produced by heat’ KātyŚr., tápasyati ‘undergoes austerities’ ŚBr.: √tap] H. ausnā ‘to be hot’.

1123 *ātāḍayati ‘beats’. [For ā— cf. ā́tudati ‘strikes’ RV.: √taḍ ¹] Kal. rumb. alā́ŕim ‘I beat’, urt. (in which —t— > r, with dissimilation r — ŕ > l — ŕ) lāŕim.

1126 *ātārayati ‘wins over’. [Cf. ā́tirati ‘overcomes, praises’ RV.: √tr̥̄] With anal. —tt—: S. ātāraṇu ‘to wheedle, cajole’.

1128 *ātudyatē ‘is pushed against’. [ā́tudati ‘strikes against’ RV.: √tud] Or. āujibā intr. ‘to lean against’, caus. āujāibā. — See *āstudati and āvarjayati.

1129 *āturati ‘crosses over, completes’. [ā́tirati ‘overcomes’ RV.: √tr̥̄] H. orānā ‘to be completed’; — doubtful: perh. < ā́pūrayati.

1130 *ātr̥tīyam ‘on the third (day) back or forwards’. [For ā—, cf. ācaturam ‘to the fourth generation’ MaitrS., and a similar formation in Par. ašö—ruč ‘the day before yesterday’ < *ā—q ri— Morgenstierne IIFL i 61: tr̥tı̄́ya—¹] Ash. átrı̃ ‘the day after tomorrow’, Kt. átrī, Wg. átƏŕ, atriäm; Dm. itrī ‘the day before yesterday’, Woṭ. yēwṛei, Kal. atrīli, Kho. ortiri, Bshk. ā́ l ī, ā l eug dōs, Phal. e_ tríli, Sh. ĭc̣ı̄́; L. poṭh. atreũ ‘two days off (past or future)’, awāṇ. atrõmacr; ‘the day after tomorrow’; P. ḍog. attrũ ‘two days off’; WPah. khaś. e ṭḷu ‘the day before yesterday’, h. rudh. aṭḷu, 1. rudh. atru: see also s.v. tr̥tı̄́ya—¹ See *ātriśvas.

1131 *ātr̥ptika— ‘satisfied’. [Cf. ā́tr̥pati ‘is satisfied’ RV., ātarpaṇa— n. ‘satisfaction’; ‘whitening walls on festive occasions, pigment therefor’ lex., Pk. āippaṇa— n. - √tr̥p] Kho. arti, arthi, (Lor.) *l rti, *l hrti or arthi ‘satisfying, satiated, plenteous’, artiéik, arthi° ‘to fill, satisfy with food’ (< *arirti < *a d irti).

1134 *ātmadhanika— ‘master of oneself’ [ātmán—, dhanin—] OG. āpahaṇī adv. ‘by oneself’, G. āphaṇie ‘auto- matically’.

1137 *ātrasa— ‘fear’. [For ā— cf. ābhīla— ‘fearful’ MBh.: √tras] N. ātas ‘fear, anxiety’.

1138 *ātriśvas ‘the day after tomorrow’. [For ā— see *ātr̥tīyam: trí—, śvás] L. attarsũ ‘three days ago’; P. tarsõ; ‘the day before yesterday or after tomorrow’; H. atarsõ; ‘the day after tomorrow’; — —tar— for —t(r)i— after parsõ; < paraśvas. —ādá— ‘taking’ in cmpds. [√dā ¹] dā́yādya—.

1139 *ādagdha— ‘burnt up’. [See *ādahati: √dah] A. ādharā ‘fire—brand’ < *āṛādha— < *āḍaddha—? - B. āṇgul hāṛā ‘whitlow’, Or. aṛhā āṅguṭhi? — Ku. āṛo ‘bonfire’ < *ādaḍḍha— or more prob. < *ādaha—.

1141 *ādabb— ‘press down’. [√*dabb] M. adabṇẽ ‘to be oppressed, be overwhelmed’ with MIA. anal. —dd— or < —drabb— see *drapp—; — Pk. āavvaï ‘shakes, trembles’?

1144 *ādalati ‘crushes’. [Cf. ā́darti RV.: √dal ¹] With MIA. —dd—: M. adaḷṇẽ tr. ‘to dash down or against’, intr. ‘to rush against’, ādaḷṇẽ ‘to be brought to nought, to fail’. *ādaha— see *ādāha—.

1145 *ādahati ‘burns up’. [ādāhyēta ChUp.: √dah] Pa. ādahati ‘sets fire’; Pk. āḍahaï ‘burns all round’; Ku. aṛyā ‘heaps of grass and thorns collected to be burnt’ < * āḍahia— (whence aṛyūṇo ‘to burn grass and stubble on a field’).

1150 *ādāha— or *ādaha— ‘burning’. [√dah] Ku. āṛo ‘heap of grass and thorns gathered in a field to burn and use as fertilizer’ (or < *ādagdha—); Bi. (Patna) alāh ‘weeds burnt as manure’ (but why —l—, not —r—, < MIA. —ḍ—?); — Si. āṛ—haṛu m. ‘hot season’ < *āḍā̆ha—ḍa— or perh. *ādāgha—, cf. nidāghá—.

1151 *ādāhayati ‘burns up’. [ādāhyēta ChUp.: √dah] Ku. ayoṇo ‘to collect dry stalks and grass in a heap for burning’; — Gy. eur. alav— ‘to set on fire’ Sampson DGW iv 7, but perh. like as. alaw ‘flame’ ← Pers.

1154 *ādityavāra— ‘Sunday’. [ādityá—, vāra—²] Pk. āiṁcavāra— m., S. ācaru m.

1155 *ādiyá—, ādyá—² ‘at the beginning’ Pāṇ. [ādí—] Pa. ādiya—, °ika— ‘first’, Pk. āīya—; Si. ã̤ ‘first, fore- most’ (Geiger EGS 19 < ādí—).

1156 *ādr̥ṁhaṇa— ‘making coagulate’. [Cf. dŕ̥ṁhaṇa— n. ‘making firm’ AV., ‘means of strengthening’ TBr.: √dr̥ṁh] G. ādhraṇ, adh° n. ‘lime juice or other acid added to milk to curdle it’, ādhrakvũ ‘so to curdle’; — doubtful.

1160 *ādyūta— ‘gambling’. [Cf. dyūtá— and ādēvana— n. ‘place for playing’ ĀśvGr̥.: √div ²] Si. adu ‘gambling’.

1168 *ādhūṇḍh— ‘search for’. [*dhūṇḍh—] Or. āuṇḍibā, uṇḍ°, uṇḍālibā ‘to grope for, search for’; — or poss. āuṇḍ— < *āmardati, uṇḍ— < *avamardati or upam°.

1176 *ānavana— ‘roar’. [Cf. ā́nūṣata ‘they roared’, ā́navīnōt ‘he kept on roaring’ RV., ānuvāna— pres. part. Bhaṭṭ.: √nu ²] L. aṇūṇī f. ‘long—drawn howl of dog or jackal’.

1180 *ā nūnam ‘up to now’. [nūnám] Ash. yanū̃ ‘today’, Wg. önū́, anǖ́.

1183 *āntraguṇa— ‘gut—string’. [āntrá—, guṇá—] Pa. antaguṇa— m. ‘lower intestine, bowel, mesentery’; Si. atuṇa, pl. °ṇu, ‘bowel’ (Geiger EGS 6 < n. pl. āntrā́ṇi). — Cf. Gaw. atƏraṅgīn s.v. ántara—¹.

1184 *āntrapuṭa— ‘gut—fold’. [āntrá—, puṭa—] Ku. anoṛo, pl. anyūṛā, ‘entrail’.

1185 *āntrarasa—. [āntrá—, rása—] B. ā̃tarasā ‘natural juice of meat’; — doubtful.

1190 *āpaṭhati ‘reads’. [Cf. āpapráthan 3rd pl. aor. subj. ‘spread’ RV., *āprāthayati in Pk. appāhēi ‘teaches’, °haï ‘announces’ Pischel GrPk § 286: √paṭh] A. āurāiba ‘to repeat frequently so as to learn by heart’; B. āoṛāna ‘to read, recite’ (Chatterji ODBL 423 < ā—vr̥t—); Or. āuṛibā, °ṛāibā ‘to read, repeat’.

1201 *āpastr̥ṣṇa— ‘thirsty for water’. [áp—, tŕ̥ṣṇā—] Kt. avƏtin ‘thirsty’ (Rep¹ 64 < *āpa—tr̥ṣṇa—).

1205 *āpāna— ² ‘protection’. [√pā ²] See *udvāna—.

1207 *āpārayati ‘fills’. [Cf. pārayati ‘fills’ Dhātup., ā́pūrayati ŚBr., ā́pr̥ṇāti ‘satisfies’ RV.: √pr̥̄] With anal. —pp—: K. āparun ‘to feed another with one's own hand as a sign of hospitality, put food in an infant's or invalid's mouth’, caus. āparāwun ‘to feed another person’.

1208 *āpiya—, ā́pya— ‘belonging to or living in water’ Suśr. [ápya—: áp—] Kho. awí in a° gambùri ‘water—flower’ Morgenstierne BelvalkarVol 87, Āwi ‘name of a village in the Owir valley’.

1211 *āpula— ‘abundant’. 2. *āpura— [Cf. pula— ‘ex- tended, wide’ lex., vipula—: √pr̥̄] 1. Ash. aulú, f. °lı̄́ ‘big’, Kt. al, Wg. Bashg. ōla, Paš. aulá Morgenstierne IIFL iii 3, 8. 2. Pk. āura— ‘much’, Or. āur, °ri ‘very much, too much’ or poss. < āpūra—. Addenda: āpula—¹: †;*vighnāpula—.

1215 *āpṛṣṭha— ‘on the back’. [pr̥ṣṭhá—] See *utpr̥ṣṭha—.

1216 *āpōḍ— ‘burn’. [√*pōḍ] Si. avulanavā ‘to shine’, avulavanavā ‘to kindle, excite’? — But see *saṁvidīpayati.

1218 *āptāyati ‘falls’. [Cf. Pahl. ōftēt < *avaptā̆yati: √pat] Kal. ātim ‘I fall’.

1223 *ābhakta— ‘shared’. [Cf. ā́bhajati ‘causes to share’, ā́bhaga— m. ‘one who is honoured with a share’ RV.: √bhaj] S. āhatu m. ‘the fixed right of an artisan to a share of the harvest in return for mending the husbandman's tools’, āhatī m. ‘a husbandman who so employs an artisan’.

1230 *ābhiṭ— ‘meet’. 2. *ābhēṭ—. [√*bhiṭ] 1. Pk. ābhiḍiya— ‘bent on’, ābhiṭṭa—; abbhiḍaï ‘meets’, pp. abbhiḍia—; abbhiṭṭha— ‘met in battle’; H. poet. abhirnā ‘to meet in battle’. 2. Pk. ābhēḍiya— ‘bent on, bound for’; H. abheṛā, °erā m. ‘fight, quarrel’. Addenda: *ābhiṭ—: OG. ābhiḍaï ‘becomes polluted by touching’ ŚSB, G. ābhaṛvũ (A. Master), abhṛāvvũ (or < *abhyaṭaṭi?).

1237 *āmagandha—, āmagandhi—, °in—, °ika— ‘smelling like raw meat, smelling musty’ lex. [āmá—, gandhá—] Pa. āmagandha— m. ‘smell of rotting corpses, ver- minous odour’; K. āmun m. ‘smell of burning or scorching cloth (esp. cotton)’, āman f. ‘malodorousness (esp. of food going bad)’, āmanun ‘to go bad (of food), to become malodorous’.

1239 *āmaḍ— ‘boil over’. [√*maḍ ²] H. ā̃waṛnā intr. ‘to boil up’.

1244 *āmardati, āmr̥dnāti ‘crushes together’ R. [√mr̥d ¹] See *ādhūṇḍh—.

1248 *āmalati ‘rubs’. [√mal ¹] M. ā̃vaḷṇẽ, av° ‘to knead the limbs’.

1249 *āmaśaka— ‘dysenteric stool’. [āmá—, śaka—¹] Or. āũsā jhāṛā ‘dysentery’; — or poss. < āmāśaya- m. ‘stomach’ MBh.

1250 *āmāṁśa— ‘unripe portion’. [āmá—, áṁśa—] See *apākāṁśa—. *āmāta— ‘built’ see amā́. [√mā ³]

1252 *āmārayati ‘rubs’. [Cf. *mālayati and, for ā— with verbs of touching, āmr̥j—, āmr̥d—, āmr̥ś—: √mr̥̄] Phal. āmberū́m ‘I rub’.

1253 *āmārta— ‘flour from uncleaned grain’. [Cf. āma— n. ‘grain not yet freed from chaff’ MW, Pa. āmadhañña- n., Pk. āma— ‘uncleaned’; and Wakhi yūmǰ ‘flour < *āmačī, Khot. hāmaa— ‘barley—flour’ < *āmaka- Morgenstierne IIFL ii 554: — āmá—, *ārta—²] Bi. Mth. ā̃waṭ ‘barley ground without being first cleaned’.

1255 *āmilati ‘meets together, tangles’. [√mil] Pa. āmilāka— n. ‘a woollen cover into which a floral pattern is woven’; Sh. (Lor.) amuloiki ‘to rival, com- pete with inimically’; G. āmaḷvũ ‘to twist’, āmḷo m. ‘knot formed by twisting’; — doubtful.

1257 *āmiṣagandhika— ‘smelling of raw flesh’. [āmiṣá—, gandhin—] B. ẽsāni ‘smelling of fish or meat’ (Chatterji ODBL 349 < *āmiṣa—pānīya—). *āmiṣapānīya— see *āmiṣagandhika—.

1258 *āmiṣṭa— ‘mixed’. [Cf. ā́miśla— ‘having a tendency to mix’ RV., āmíkṣā— f. ‘mixture of boiled and curdled milk’ AV.: √mikṣ] Kho. amiṣṭ ‘mixed’, amiṣṭieman ‘I mix’. āmukta— see āmuñcati. *āmukna— see āmuñcati.

1262 *āmuhyati ‘is bewildered’. 2. *āmūḍha—. [Cf. āmōhanikā— f. ‘a partic. fragrant odour’ Suśr.: √muh] 1. OG. amūjha ‘perplexed’, G. amũjhāvũ ‘to be per- plexed, to fret’, amũjhaṇⁱ f. ‘perplexity’. 2. P. amūhṛ, amūhuṛ ‘ignorant, reckless’. *āmūḍha— see *āmuhyati.

1267 *āmōdayati ‘pleases’. [Cf. āmṓda— ‘gladdening’ ŚBr.: √mud ¹] Pa. āmōdēti ‘pleases’, Pk. āmōēi; A. āmuwāiba ‘to satiate’.

1269 *āmraguḍa— ‘mango and molasses’. [āmrá—, guḍá—] H. ãboṛā m. ‘a dish consisting of mangos and molasses’.

1271 *āmrarasa— ‘mango juice’. [āmrá—, rása—] Pa. ambarasa— m., H. M. āmras, am° m.; — deriv.: G. āmrasī ‘of the colour of mango juice’.

1272 *āmrarāji— ‘mango grove’. [āmrá—, rā́ji—] OAw. aṁbarāī f., H. ambrāī f., G. amrāi f., M. ãbrāī f.; — H. M. āmrāī, am°, reformed after ām.

1274 *āmraṣaṇḍa— ‘mango grove’. [āmrá—, ṣaṇḍá—¹] Pa. Ambasaṇḍā m. pl. ‘name of a village E. of Rājagaha’; Bi. mag. Aphsãṛ ‘name of a village in the NE. of the Gaya District’.

1276 *āmrāda— ‘rubbing’. [√mrad] P. ambāu m. ‘chafing, inflammation from rubbing’.

1277 *āmrādayati ‘rubs’. [√mrad] Pk. aṁbāḍēi ‘rubs, smears, upbraids’; P. ambāuṇā ‘to chafe, inflame by rubbing’; — deriv. ambāṭ m. ‘chafing’, ambṇā ‘to be chafed’ (rather than < āmr̥jati).

1279 *āmrāṣṭi— ‘mango stone’. [Cf. āmrāsthi— n. Bhpr. - āmrá—, aṣṭi—] Bi. (Gaya) amā̃ṭhī ke roṭī ‘bread of crushed mango stones’. Addenda: *āmrāṣṭi—: Pa. ambaṭṭhi— ‘mango stone’, A. āmaṭhi, āmaṭhu AFD 206.

1281 *āmlāpayati ‘makes fade’. [√mlai] A. āmolāiba ‘to make sorrowful (of the face)’.

1282 *āmlābīja— ‘tamarind seed’. [āmlā—, bı̄́ja—] G. ā̃blīyɔ, ā̃blīlɔ m.

1303 *āraṭṭha— ‘hard, stiff’. N. araṭṭha ‘hard, stiff (of leather)’; Si. araṭuvā ‘heart or hard part of a tree’.

1308 *ārambhati ² ‘roars, bellows’. 2. *ārambha— ² ‘roar’. [√rambh] 1. M. ārãbhaḷṇẽ ‘to roar, bawl’. 2. S. ārā̃bho m. ‘volley of musketry’.

1311 *āraśa— ‘shoulder (blade)’. [< IE. *ōlek̂—, cf. Arm. otn ‘shoulder’ Morgenstierne NTS xii 156; — WP i 157] Wg. arašä́ ‘shoulder—blade’, Dm. ârašá.

1312 *ārasa— or *ārasavant— ‘sweetish’. [rása—] Kt. arazwo, aruswå, rƏsīm ‘sweet’, Wg. erostō, Bashg. aruz, Pr. urusú, wur°; — Morgenstierne NTS ii 267 compares Sk. rásavant— ‘tasty’.

1314 *ārātri— or *ārātra— (1) ‘evening’, (2) ‘from after night, i.e. morning’. [rā́tri—]. (1) K. arāth, dat. arātas m. ‘nightfall, evening’. - (2) Bshk. árat ‘morning’ (or poss. ‘one night’ NTS xviii 125), Tor. (Barth) "ẓhāt" ‘morning’. ārātrika—.

1320 *āriṣṭaka— ‘pertaining to the soap—nut tree’. [ariṣṭa—² S. ārīṭho ‘the tree Sapindus saponaria’.

1325 *ārundhati, ā́ruṇaddhi ‘keeps off’ RV., ‘blocks, im- pedes’ MBh. [√rudh ²] H. ārū̃dhnā, arõ;dhnā ‘to throttle’.

1326 *āruhati, aor. ā́ruhat ‘ascends’ RV. 2. ārūḍha— MBh. [See ā́rōhati: √ruh] 1. Pa. āruhati, Pk. āruhaï; OG. āruhaï ‘climbs up’. 2. Pa. ārūḷha—, Pk. ārūḍha—; OM. ārūḍhṇẽ, āruḍh° ‘to ascend’. Addenda: *āruhati: Si. aranavā ‘to climb’ (or < ā́rōhati), Md. aranī ‘rises, climbs’, aruvanī ‘lifts, loads’, erenī ‘is lifted into, enters’. 2. ārūḍha— ‘ascended’, replaced by *ārūṇa— in Si. aruṇu ‘ascended, mounted’. ārūḍha— see *āruhati Add².

1327 *ārūkṣa— ‘roughish’. [rūkṣá—] Paš. arū́ṣa ‘garlic, leek’ Morgenstierne IIFL iii 3, 16. ārūḍha— see *āruhati.

1332 *ārōṣa— ‘anger’. [Cf. ārōṣayati ‘angers’ Hariv., Pk. ārōsia—: √ruṣ] Wg. urū́ṣ ‘anger’ (or < *avarōṣa—; Morgenstierne NTS ii 199 prob. ← Ind. rōṣa—); Si. arova ‘dispute’. Addenda: *ārōṣa—: Si. aru ‘anger’, arova (st. arō—) ‘quarrel, dispute’.

1338 *ārta— ² ‘flour’, aṭṭa— n. ‘food’ MBh., ‘boiled rice’ lex. [Cf. Ir. *ārta— > Psht. ōṛƏ ‘flour’, Yghn. ārt, Pers. ārd, beside *r̥ta— > Av. aša—. Either vr̥ddhi—form of *r̥ta—, i.e. ‘consisting of what is ground’ or *ā—r̥ta— with Morgen- stierne EVP 12. Wackernagel AiGr i 170 wrongly aṭṭa— < *alta— since Dm. P. L. and perh. Kal. point to ā] NiDoc. aṭa (← Ind. with ṭ, not rt); Gy. eur. aro, varo, vanro, wel. vārdō m., arm. arav, pal. ătṓs (ătō with 3 sg. enclitic pron. —s?), as. ata, Ḍ. ōṭ m., Dm. Tir. āṭ, Shum. Kal. āt, Bshk. āṭ, Phal. hāṭ m., Sh. ā̃ṭe̯ m. pl. (← Ind.), K. ôṭ^u , abl. āṭi; S. aṭo m. ‘meal’, āṭaṇu m. ‘dry flour laid over and under dough when it is rolled’ (?); L. āṭā m. ‘flour’, khet. aṭṭā, P. āṭṭā, WPah. bhad. bhiḍ. āṭṭu n., Ku. āṭo, N. āṭo, ā̃ṭo, A. B. āṭā, Or. aṭā, Bi. āṭā, ā̃ṭā, Mth. ā̃ṭā, Bhoj. H. āṭā m., G. āṭɔ m.; M. āṭ f. ‘grit of rice boiled and mixed with flour’, āṭā—pāṇī n. ‘food and water’; — Si. aṭuva ‘rice—store’ rather < aṭṭa—². *amlārta—, *āmārta—. Addenda: *ārta—²: S.kcch. aṭo m. ‘flour’, WPah.kṭg. aṭṭɔ m. †;ā́rtnī— see aṭani— Add².

1342 *ārdrakavaṭikā— ‘ginger—ball’. [ārdraka—, vaṭaka—] N. adauri ‘small lumps of pulse and condiments fried in ghee’, H. adauṛī, °rī f.

1346 *ārdhikakāra— ‘work of a co—partner’, or ardh°. [ārdhika—, kāra—¹] P. addhyārā m. ‘the arrangement by which profits of agriculture or stockbreeding are shared between land- lord and labourer’; N. adhiyā̃r ‘co—partner’; A. ādhiyār ‘one who cultivates in return for half the crop’; Or. adhiāri ‘keeping a goat or calf with a half share of profit to the owner’; H. adhiyār m. ‘cultivator who receives a half—share’, adhiyārī f. ‘this system’; G. adhiyārũ n. ‘keeping cattle in return for half the calves’, adhiyārī f. ‘forced labour’.

1350 *āryakula—, or *āryakakula— ‘grandfather's house’. [ā́rya—, kúla—] M. āj̈oḷ, aj̈°, āj̈ūḷ, aj̈°, āj̈vaḷ n., aj̈oḷā m. ‘mother's father's house’.

1353 *āla— ² ‘hole for water’. [Cf. ālavāla— m. ‘basin for water round a tree’ Kālid., āvāla— m. lex. (not with Tedesco JAOS 67, 97), Pk. ālavāla— n., āvāla—, °aya- n. ‘place near water’] Pk. āla— n. ‘small stream or pond’; H. ālā m. ‘basin for water round a tree’; G. āḷiyɔ m. ‘large cavity in a wall’ Bloch LM 290; M. āḷẽ, aḷẽ n., aḷī f. ‘basin for water round a tree, any pool made to receive water’.

1355 *ālagana— ‘hanging up’. [√lag] N. alinu ‘clothes—line, clothes—net’; A. ālān ‘a pen- dent’; Or. ālaṇā ‘clothes—rack’; — WPah. bhal. āl e ṇ f. ‘network at the bottom of a cot’ or < *ālayana—. ālagna— see *ālagyati.

1356 *ālagyati ‘adheres to’. 2. ālagna— ‘fastened to’ lex. [Cf. ālagati ‘adheres’ Kāvyād.: √lag] 1. Pa. ālaggēti ‘makes hang on to’; Pr. aleg— ‘to hit’; M. alagṇẽ ‘to hang (esp. of clustering fruit), to be over- ripe (of fruit)’ with l after lagṇẽ, caus. aḷgāvṇẽ ‘to be on the point of parturition (of animals)’; — deriv. MIA. *ālaggaṇa— in P. algaṇ, °ṇī f. ‘line or stick to hang clothes on’ (see also *abhilagyati), Or. alaguṇi, Bi. Mth. arganī, Bi. (Shahabad) regnī, H. alagnī, alãgnī f. 2. Pk. ālagga— ‘fastened’; M. aḷãgẽ n. ‘loop on either side of grain sack’ (ã from ālamba—?); — poss. Si. alan̆ga ‘kissing’ (Geiger EGS 11 < āliṅga—).

1357 *ālaghayati ‘makes soft’. [laghayati ‘makes soft, tender or smooth’ Kālid.: laghú—] H. alwāyā ‘light, soft, tender’ pp. of 2nd caus. *alwānā?

1359 *ālapitraka— ‘talkative’. [Cf. *lapitṛ— replaced by Pk. lavira— ‘talkative’: √lap] G. aḷvitrũ ‘talkative, tiresome, mischievous’.

1360 *ālapp— ‘wrap round’. [√*lapp] M. aḷapṇẽ ‘to bind round by wrapping’, aḷpā m. ‘wrapping round , aḷpaṇ n. ‘anything to wrap with’.

1361 *ālapyati ‘speaks’. [Cf. lapyati Ep.: √lap] G. alāpvũ ‘to sing, talk’, alāp m. ‘humming a tune’; — < *allappaï, cf. Pk. allaviya— < *ālapita—. — See ālāpya—.

1367 *ālayana— ‘resting place’. [Cf. ālaya—, layana— n. ‘place of rest’ Śiś.: √lī ¹] Pk. ālayaṇa— n. ‘rest house, sleeping room’; NiDoc. alena ‘epithet of a rug’ Burrow KharDoc 77; — with anal. —ll—: L. ālhṇā m. ‘nest’, P. āhlaṇā m., H. ālnā m.; — WPah. bhal. āl e ṇ f. ‘network at the bottom of a cot’ or < *ālagana—.

1368 *ālardayati ‘loads up’. [√lard] G. aḷdāvũ ‘to be overworked, be tired’ pass. of *ā̆ḷadvũ.

1370 *ālavana— ‘reaping’. [√lū] H. arwan m. ‘the first cuttings of corn presented to the household gods’. ālavāla— see *āla—². ālasa— see alasá—.

1375 *ālāpana— ² ‘causing to come together’. [√lī ¹] Pk. ālāvaṇa— n. ‘material for binding or tying’; M. āḷvaṇ, aḷ° n. ‘flour used for thickening’; H. ālan m. ‘straw and mud mixed for brickmaking, mixture of boiled lentils and dough’. — See *ālāpayati², ālīyatē.

1376 *ālāpayati ¹ ‘speaks’. [√lap] L. alāvaṇ ‘to speak, utter’; Ku. alāṇo ‘to cry, bleat’; M. āḷaviṇẽ, aḷ° ‘to coax, conciliate, implore, sing with tremulous modulation, warble (of birds)’. — See ālāpana—¹. Addenda: *ālāpayati¹: Brj. alāwno ‘to speak, sing’.

1377 *ālāpayati ² ‘brings close, makes stick’. [ālīyatē ‘comes close to’ MBh., lāpayatē Pāṇ.: √lī ¹] Pk. ālāvaṇa— n. ‘rope for binding’; K. ālawun ‘to bring (a boat) to or near the shore’; M. āḷaviṇẽ, aḷ° ‘to inspissate’; — Si. alavanavā ‘to affix’ or < *saṁlā- payati.

1379 *ālāsayati ‘causes to stick to’. [√*las ²] Ku. alāsiṇo ‘to stick to, take refuge’. āli— ¹ ‘row’ see *āḍi—². āli— ² see alin—.

1381 *ālikha— ‘painter’. [√likh] Si. äli ‘painter’. — See ālēkha—.

1390 *āluḍati ‘moves to and fro’. 2. ālōḍayati ‘stirs up’ Suśr. [Cf. ālulita— ‘agitated’ Mālatīm., ālōlita— ‘shaken’ MW.: √luḍ]. 1. Pa. āluḷati ‘moves here and there’, āluḷēti ‘sets in motion’; S. āluṛaṇu ‘to ebb (of the tide)’; — Si. älalīma ‘unrest, confusion’ Geiger ES 19, but rather der. (h)alalanavā < saṁlālayati. 2. Pa. ālōḷēti ‘stirs up, agitates’; Pk. ālōḍēi ‘stirs up, churns’, pp. ālōḍia—, ālōlia—; S. āroṛaṇu ‘to plough a rice—field after flooding’; Or. āloṛibā ‘to stir’; Aw. lakh. arōrab ‘to stir grain in the winnowing basket’; H. āloṛnā ‘to churn’; M. āloḍṇẽ, āloḍh° ‘to stir’. ālulita— see *āluḍati.

1391 *ālulla— ‘maimed’. [*lulla—] Wg. (Lumsden) "allúl" ‘bald’.

1392 *ālūta— ‘cut off’. [ālūna— Kālid., ālunāti MW: √lū] G. āḷũ ‘lately stripped (of skin), painful’.

1395 *ālēṭati ‘reclines on’. 2. *ālēṭyati. [√lēṭ] 1. G. aleḍvũ, aleḍh° ‘to lean against’. 2. G. aleṭvũ ‘id.’. *ālēṭyati see *ālēṭati.

1399 *ālēha— ‘licking’. [ālihati ‘licks’ BhP., pp. ālīḍha- MBh., Pk. ālihaï ‘touches’: √lih] Kho. (Lor.) ālih ‘salts in the earth’ < ‘*salt—lick’?

1402 *ālōḍa— ‘movement to and fro’, ālōla— m. ‘trembling, rocking’ Kālid. [√luḍ] Pa. ālōḷa— m. ‘confusion, uproar’; Wg. alṓl ‘song, singing’ (NTS xvii 224 compares Sk. lal—); L. alol m. ‘affection (esp. of a child)’; H. alol m. ‘caper’. ālōḍayati see *āludati.

1404 *ālōptra— ‘that which cuts off’. [√lup] H. alotā m. ‘screen’.

1405 *ālōpya— ‘that which is to be cut off’. [√lup] Si. alupa ‘small piece’.

1406 *ālōpyatē ‘is cut off’ [ā́lumpati ‘tears out, separates’ AV., Pa. ālumpati ‘breaks off’, Pk. āluṁpaï ‘takes away’, ālōviya— ‘covered’: √lup] With MIA. —ll—: G. alopvũ ‘to disappear’, alpāvũ ‘to be hidden’.

1407 *ālōrtati ‘rolls’. [√*lōrt] H. aluṭnā ‘to fall, stagger’; G. āḷoṭvũ ‘to wallow’, āloṭaṇ n. ‘a pillow to lean against’; — M. aloṭṇẽ ‘to transact, do, be conversant with’ < tr. ‘*to roll about’? ālōla— see *ālōḍa—. ālōlita— see *āluḍati. *ālla— ‘wet’: see ārdrá—. *āllaka— ‘fresh ginger’: see ārdraka—.

1408 *āllabhr̥ṣṭa— ‘moist cob of maize’. [*ālla—, bhr̥ṣṭa—¹] N. alauṭo ‘fresh cob of maize’.

1414 *āvarati ‘covers’. [āvr̥ṇōti ‘covers, shuts in’ MBh.: √vr̥ ¹] Pa. āvarati ‘shuts out, obstructs’; Pk. āvaraï ‘covers’; Kho. awerik ‘to shut up (cattle or their pen), to tie up (an animal)’; G. āvarvũ ‘to cover, spread, scatter’, avrāvũ ‘to be covered’; M. āvarṇẽ ‘to cover, restrain, gather together’.

1415 *āvarā— ‘covering’, āvaraka— Sāh. [√vr̥ ¹] Pa. —āvara— in cmpd. ‘obstructing’; K. āwür^ü f. ‘covering, surrounding’ < *āvarikā—, or < āvr̥ti—. *skandhāvarā—.

1422 *āvalana— ‘turning’. [√val] Pk. āvalaṇa— n.; K. āwalun, °n^u m. ‘whirlpool’.

1426 *āvāṭa— ² ‘enclosure’. [For ā— cf. āvāra—, āvr̥ti—: vāṭa—¹] M. āvāḍ, av° n. ‘an enclosure round a house, court- yard’, āḍā m. ‘fence of quick trees’.

1427 *āvāta— ‘blown up’. [ā́vāti ‘blows upon’ RV.: √vā ²] Ext. with —ḍa—: P. avāṛī f. ‘blaze of fire’. *āvāda— see apavāda—.

1429 *āvāma— ‘being on the left’. [vā́ma—¹] Wg. awā́m dōš ‘left arm’ (Morgenstierne NTS xvii 235 loc. a—+vāma—).

1438 *āviṣṭi— f. ‘demoniacal possession’. [Cf. āvēśa— ‘id.’ Bālar.: √viś] K. āvēṭh, āwaṭh, dat. °ṭhi, f. ‘demoniacal possession’. ā́viṣṭita— see ā́vēṣṭatē.

1439 *āvunāti ‘strings together’. [ā́vayati ‘interweaves, strings’: see *vināti: √vē] Pa. āvuṇāti ‘strings on, fixes on, impales’; Si. (SigGr) avuṇa— ‘to string together’, ävinum ‘linking together’, amunanavā ‘to string together’ (Geiger BSOS viii 555 wrongly < āvr̥ṇāti): forms with —m— poss. < *samūna—, cf. sáṁvayati ‘interweaves’ RV., —samuta— ŚBr. Addenda: *āvunāti: Md. amunanī ‘strings together’ rather < *samūna— (for am— < ām— or sam— cf. Si. amutu < †;āgantu—?).

1444 *āvr̥ttikara— ‘twisting’. 2. *āvr̥ttikaraṇa— ‘instru- ment for twisting’. [ā́vr̥tti—, kará—¹ and káraṇa—] 1. L. aṭeraṇ ‘to wind yarn’; P. aṭerṇā, uṭ° ‘to reel, make up into skeins’; H. aṭernā ‘to wind’; G. aṭervũ ‘to form skeins of thread (usu. on the fingers)’. 2. L. aṭeruṇ m. ‘bat, yarn—twister’; P. aṭeraṇ, uṭ° m. ‘reel’; H. aṭeran m. ‘distaff, winder’.

1444a *āvr̥ddha— Add. 14286.

1445 *āvr̥ṣa— ‘rain, pertaining to the rains’. [Cf. prāvŕ̥ṣ- and ā́varṣatē RV.: √vr̥ṣ] B. āus (with or without dhān) ‘rainy season rice-crop’ Chatterji ODBL 320; Or. āus ‘rice harvested in autumn’; H. āūs m. ‘rice sown in April—May’. āvr̥ṣṭi— ‘rain’ in anāvr̥ṣṭi—. [√vr̥ṣ]

1455 *āśara— ‘protection’. [Cf. āśāra— in āśāraiṣín— ‘seeking protection’ AV.: √śar] Ku. N. āsro m. ‘refuge’; Mth. ās^arā ‘retreat, refuge’; H. āsrā m. ‘refuge’, āsarnā ‘to take refuge’; OMarw. ā̃saro m. ‘protection’, G. āsrɔ m., M. āsrā m. (Bloch LM 293 < āśraya—); — bec. of —s— S. āsiro m. ‘refuge’, L. āsrā m., P. āsrā m., ḍog. āssarā m. either ← H. or MIA. analogical form *āssara—.

1461 *āśōka— ¹, āśōkēya— ‘belonging to the aśoka tree’ Pāṇ. [aśōka—] Pk. āsōa—; G. āso—pālɔ m. ‘leaves of the tree Jonesia asoka’.

1462 *āśōka— ² ‘shining’. [Cf. āśōkā— f. ‘woman's name’ Pāṇ. gaṇa śubhrādi: √śuc] WPah. jaun. āśō ‘brightness, light’.

1463 *āśaucya— ‘impurity’. [Cf. aśauca—, āś° n. Mn., Pk. asōya— n.; aśuci— ‘impure’ Mn.: śuci—] K. hõmacr;ċh, st. hõmacr;ċ— m. ‘ceremonial impurity’; — or perh. ← ā̆śauca—.

1481 *āsatta— ‘sitting’. [Cf. āsanna—: √sad] Ash. ásta ‘chair’? — Morgenstierne NTS ii 244 < āsthā— with?

1489 *āsāṭa— ‘maggot’, āśātikā— f. ‘egg of fly or other insect, nit’ BHS II 109. Pa. āsāṭikā— f. ‘fly's egg, nit’; M. āsāḍī, as°, ãs°, āsḍī, as°, ãs° ‘spawn of flies settling on a wound, fly—blow, maggots’.

1492 *āsāra— ² ‘firm’. [sā́ra—²] Kho. asár ‘high solid wall, revetment of a field terrace’ Morgenstierne Belvalkar Vol 86.

1495 *āsupati ‘goes to sleep’. 2. āsupta— BHSk. [√svap ¹] 1. Tor. hūb— ‘to sleep’. 2. Tor. hut ‘he slept’. (Grier- son Tor. 157 < suptá—, Morgenstierne AO viii 303 with ?)

1497 *āsr̥kvika— ‘near the corner of the mouth’. [sŕ̥kvan—]. Kho. aṣki, iṣ° ‘jaw’, iṣkío don ‘back—tooth’.

1502 *āskr̥ta— ‘brought near’. [Cf. ā́kr̥ṇōti ‘brings near’ RV., ‘drives near’ AV.: √skr̥] Pk. akkhaḍaï ‘attacks’; G. ākhaṛvũ ‘to ramble, roam’; — very doubtful.

1504 *āstambhati ‘stands firm’. [√stambh] P. āthamṇā ‘to stop, be supported; (of the sun) to set’; — in last sense see ástam ēti.

1508 *āstariman— ‘spreading out, covering’. [Cf. inf. stárimani RV., stariman— m. ‘bed’ lex.: √str̥] Ash. astrƏmә́ ‘ice’ (but NTS ii 244 with ?).

1510 *āstudati ‘strikes against’. [Cf. ā́tudati RV.: √*stud] Cf. S. āthuṛaṇu ‘to trip, stumble’ (cf. ākhuṛaṇu s.v. *ākṣuṭati); G. āthaṛvũ, ath° ‘to come into collision with’, athṛāvũ ‘to be tired’; M. āthaḍṇẽ ‘to catch with a jerk’.

1513 *āsthāti ‘remains’. [ā́tiṣṭhati ‘resorts to, remains on’ RV.: √sthā] Pk. atthaï ‘sits’; Gy. wel. ast— ‘to remain, stop’; Or. aṇṭhibā ‘to last, hold out, suffice’.

1517 *āsthāman— ‘meeting place’. [√sthā] Sh. astóm f. ‘judgement’ (→ Bur. *l stām Morgen- stierne NTS xiii 92); H. athāı̃ f. ‘place of meeting’ (see also āsthāyikā—).

1520 *āsthira— ‘firm’. [sthirá—] S. āthiraṇu ‘to settle (of muddy water)’; P. āṭharṇā ‘to become partially dry’, ḍog. āṭṭharnā ‘to become dry’; M. aṭharṇẽ ‘to shrink, contract’; — all very doubtful.

1522 *āsthūla— ‘fat’. [sthūlá—] N. athulāunu ‘to grow fat’; OM. āṭhulaṇeṁ ‘to thicken’.

1524 *āsnāpayati ‘causes to bathe’. [√snā] Aw. anhāwab ‘to cause to bathe’. Addenda: *āsnāpayati: Brj. anhwāno ‘to bathe’.

1525 *āsnāva— m. ‘wetting’. [√snu] Mth. anhāw ‘flooding a field before planting with rice’.

1526 *āsphara— ‘swelling, bellows’. [√sphar] S. āphirī f. ‘swelling of the body from wind’; L. āphar ‘swelled by putrefaction &c.’; G. āphrɔ m. ‘wind in belly, fit of passion’; Ku. āphar ‘blacksmith's bellows’; A. āphar, aphâri ‘mouth of a bellows’. Addenda: *āsphara—: S.kcch. āphro m. ‘wind in the stomach’.

1527 *āspharati ‘swells’. 2. *āsphārayati ‘causes to swell’. [√sphar] 1. S. āphirjaṇu ‘to be swollen with wind’; L. āpharaṇ intr. ‘to swell’, awāṇ. āphruṇ ‘to be stuffed’; P. āpharnā, apph° ‘to swell, (esp. of the belly)’; H. apharnā ‘to swell out, be satiated’; G. āpharvũ ‘to be swollen of body’. - Deriv. P. H. aphrāī f. ‘surfeit’; Ku. apharai ‘flatulence’; — N. aphare ‘suffering from hydrocele’. 2. P. aphārnā ‘to cause to swell’.

1528 *āsphāyatē ‘swells’. [√sphāy] Deriv. H. apheṇḍā ‘very conceited’; — very doubtful.

1529 *āsphāra— ‘swelling’. [√sphar] P. aphārā m. ‘swelling of the belly from wind’; M. aphārī f. ‘food which swells out but does not satisfy for long’. *āsphārayati see *āspharati.

1536 *āsvarita— ‘sunny’. [svàr—] Ash. áspƏrƏ ‘sunny, sunny side of a valley’ Morgen- stierne NTS ii 244 with much doubt, bec. of sp < sv, but for this cf. same development in *āsvēda—.

1537 *āsvēda— ‘sweat’. [āsiṣvidāná— ‘sweating profusely’ RV.: √svid] Ash. uspә́ ‘sweat’, Kt. ašpe, °pu, Wg. ašpә́ Morgen- stierne NTS xvii 229; Ku. asyau ‘sweat, exhaustion’.

1539 *āhana— ‘striking, blow’. [√han ¹] OG. āhaṇa m. ‘blow’; OM. āhāṇā ‘harmful’. Addenda: *āhana—: †;*āhanaśālā—.

1539a *āhanaśālā— ‘blacksmith's forge’? [*āhana—, śā́lā—] Garh. aṇsāḷ ‘blacksmith's workshop’.

1542 *āhallati ‘moves’. [√*hall] Pk. āhallaï intr. ‘shakes, moves’; Wg. ālƏ ‘moving’ Morgenstierne NTS xvii 224; S. ahalaṇu ‘to lean against’; H. ahalnā intr. ‘to shake, move’.

1551 *ikṣuvāṭa— ‘sugar—cane enclosure’. [ikṣú—, vāṭa—¹] Bi. ukhāri ‘land planted with sugar—cane’, H. ukhāṛī f. IṄKH ‘move’: see √īṅkh. [Cf. √*iṅgh, √iṅg, √aṅg] IṄG ‘move’: iṅgana—, iṅgita— [iṅgáyati ‘shakes’ RV., iṅgati ‘moves, sets in motion’ MBh.: cf. √aṅg, √iṅkh, √īṅkh, √*iṅgh]

1555 *iṅghati ‘moves’. [√*iṅgh] Pa. iṅgha ‘come on!’; S. iṅghaṇu ‘to lengthen out, stretch, open out in wear’ or < ı̄́ṅkhati.

1576 *indradyōtya— ‘lightning’. [Cf. indratējas— ‘thunder- bolt’ BhP.: índra—, dyōtya—] Dm. iṇḍṓči ‘lightning’, indṓči ‘thunder’; Kal. indṓčik ‘lightning’ Morgenstierne NTS xii 155.

1580 *indrāgāra— n. ‘a well’. [S. K. Chatterji ODBL 324: índra—, agāra—] N. inār ‘well, cistern’, B. ı̃dārā; Or. indā̆ra ‘well, small tank, hole’; Bi. inār, °rā, ı̃dārā, ı̃drā ‘large masonry well’, Mth. inār, H. indārā, andārā, inārā m.

1582 *indrēṣṭi— ‘impulse from Indra’. [índra—, iṣṭí—¹] Kt. indríc̣, (Kamdesh) indríṣṭ ‘earthquake’. INDH ‘kindle’: idhmávant—, índha—, indhana—; *indhastha—; sámiddha—, sáminddhē.

1585 *indhanakuṭaka— ‘fuel—store’ [indhana—, kuṭī—] H. ı̃dhauṛā m. ‘room for storing wood’.

1586 *indhastha— ‘fuel—place’. [índha—, stha—] Wg. ɛ̄̃daté ‘fire—place’ or < idhmávant—.

1590 *iyattama— ‘of so much’. [íyant—: i—¹] M. itvā ‘of this degree’?

1593 *illi— ‘a kite’. [Cf. cilli—] S. hila f., L. hill, obl. °li f.; P. ill f. ‘kite, a kind of hawk’ (illaṛ m. ‘a foolish person’?), WPah. paṅ. cur. cam. bhal. ill f. ‘kite, vulture’; — semant. connexion doubtful with Pk. illi— m. ‘lion, tiger’, H. īl m. ‘a wild animal’.

1599 *iṣṭakarman— ‘performance of sacrificial rite’. [iṣṭá—², kárman—] Si. iṭṭama ‘emancipation’; — very doubtful; more prob. from iṭu < iṣṭa—¹ with kama Geiger EGS 20.

1601 *iṣṭakālaya— ‘brick—mould’. [íṣṭakā—, ālaya—] M. iṭāḷẽ n.

1612 *īdhra— ‘clear sky’. 2. *īdh^ara— [īdhríya— ‘belonging to the clear sky’ TS.] 1. Kho. yudur ‘clear sky’ Morgenstierne Belvalkar- Vol 97. 2. Kt. īra, īr, Wg. īrƏ, Paš. īr m. vīdhrá—. īdhríya— see *īdhra—.

1622 *īṣādhāra— ‘holding the pole of a plough’. [Cf. yugadhāra—: īṣā́—, dhāra—¹] M. isar n. ‘pole of the plough’, isārkī, isar° f. ‘ring or bolt at hinder extremity of a plough’. īṣı̄́kā— see iṣı̄́kā—. ĪH ‘desire’: *durīhā—. īhā— f. ‘wish’: see *durīhā—.

1624 *u ² pronominal element: see asáu.

1625 *ukka— ‘feeling of suffocation’. Ku. ukas—mukas; N. ukus—mukus, —pukus ‘feeling of the stomach being uncomfortably full’; A. uk—muk ‘sound expressing suffocation from extreme heat’, ukmukāiba ‘to have this sensation’, ukmukiyā ‘night- mare’; H. ukas—mukas ‘suffocation’.

1632 *uṅghati ‘sleeps’. [√*uṅgh]. Pk. uṁghaï, ugghaï, oṁghaï ‘sleeps’; L. awāṇ. ughuṇ ‘to have a nap’; EP. uṅgh^anā ‘to doze’; WPah. pāḍ. uṅhaṇ ‘to sleep’, Ku. uṅṇo, N. ũghnu; Or. uṅgeibā ‘to be drowsy’, H. ū̃ghnā, ū̃gnā; G. ũghvũ, ũghāvũ ‘to sleep’. Addenda: *uṅghati: Garh. ũgṇu ‘to be sleepy’.

1633 *uṅghā— ‘sleep’. [√*uṅgh] Ku. ū̆ṅ ‘sleep’, Bhoj. uṅghī, H. ū̃gh, ū̃g f., G. ū̃gh, ũgh f.

1639 *uccayatē ‘takes vengeance on’. [Cf. cáyatē RV.: √ci ³] S. ucāiṇu ‘to have a spite against’.

1640 *uccayayati or *uccayati ‘collects’. [uccinōti: √ci ¹] Sh. (Lor.) učoiki, 1st sg. aor. učīum, pret. učīgas ‘to pick, pick up or off, card (cotton)’, or < uccita—? Addenda: *uccayayati: WPah.poet. uċṇo ‘to suck, absorb’? (Him.I 12 < uccita—); — kc. unċṇo ‘to pluck flowers’ (Him.I 12 < *uccayati).

1642 *uccalyati ‘goes up’. 2. Caus. *uccālayati. [uccalati ‘springs up’ BhP.: √cal] 1. Pk. uccallaï ‘goes’; B. caus. uclāna ‘to shake, winnow’; Or. caus. uculāibā ‘to tear off (bark or branches)’; H. ucalnā ‘to be separated’, caus. uclānā; G. ucalvũ ‘to rise’, caus. uclāvvũ; M. uċalṇẽ ‘to rise, shoot up’. 2. Pa. uccālēti ‘raises’; Pk. uccālēi ‘throws up’; P. ucālṇā ‘to arouse, excite’; N. ucālnu ‘to raise, lift’, A. usāliba; H. ucālnā ‘to separate’; G. ucāḷvũ ‘to help in lifting’; M. uċalṇẽ ‘to raise’ with l from intr.; Si. usulanavā, uhu° ‘to carry, support’. See úccarati, uccārayati. Addenda: *uccalyati. 2. *uccālayati: WPah.kc. ċwaḷno ‘to pick up’; — delete Add. 14301 (see utplavatē Add²).

1643 *uccāpayati ‘causes to be collected’. 2. Pass. *uccā- pyatē. [Cf. cāpayati Pāṇ., uccinōti: √ci ¹] 1. Ku. ucauṇo ‘to collect in a heap’; — L. awāṇ. ucāvuṇ ‘to raise’ or deriv. ucca—. 2. L. P. Ku. H. ucāpat f. ‘raising money or taking goods on credit’; G. ucāpat f. ‘misappropriation of funds, speculation’; — doubtful. uccārayati see úccarati.

1644 *uccāla— ‘lifting up, removing’. [Cf. uccārá— ‘rising’ TS.: √cal] P. ucālā m. ‘instigation’; A. usāl ‘act of rising’; G. ucāḷɔ m. ‘movables, furniture’. *uccālayati see *uccalyati. Addenda: *uccāla—: S.kcch. aucāṛo m. ‘movable goods’. *uccālayati see *uccalyati Add².

1645 *ucciṅgaka— ‘a cricket’. [ucciṅgaṭa— m. ‘cricket, crab’ lex.; cf. ucciṭiṅga— m. ‘small venomous animal in the water, crab’, cicciṭiṅga— m. ‘a kind of venomous insect’ Suśr., ciṅgaṭa—, °aḍa— ‘shrimp’ lex.] A. usaṅgā ‘cricket’, B. uciṅgā, ucuṅgā. uccita— ‘gathered’ Kathās. [√ci ¹] See *uccayayati.

1646 *uccittaka— ‘very intelligent’. [cittá—¹] Kho. učútu ‘clever, alert’ Morgenstierne Belvalkar- Vol 85.

1648 *uccukra— ‘very sour’. [cukra—] Pr. učügū́ ‘bitter (?)’. *uccr̥tati ‘separates from’. [√cr̥t] See uccaṭati.

1649 *ucchaṭ— ‘snatch’. 2. *ucchaṭṭ—. [√*chaṭ] 1. Pk. ucchaḍia— ‘stolen’; H. uchaṛnā ‘to abscond’; M. osaḍṇẽ ‘to rob, plunder’. 2. Pk. ucchaṭṭa—, °aṁṭa— m. ‘snatch—thief’; Mth. uchaṭab ‘to bounce, jump’; H. uchaṭnā ‘to withdraw’. ucchanna— see útsanna—.

1650 *ucchardati ‘vomits’. [√chr̥d] B. uchṛāna, och° ‘to vomit’. ucchalati see *ut—śalati. *ucchalyati see *ut—śalati.

1651 *ucchalli— ‘without skin or bark’. [challi—] Or. uñchlāibā ‘to peel (fruit)’.

1653 *ucchiṭṭ— ‘flick away’. [*chiṭ—] Ku. uchiṭṇo ‘to leap, fly, strike’; N. uchiṭnu, °ṭinu ‘to be flicked away’, caus. uchiṭyāunu, ucheṭnu.

1656 *ucchupati ‘throws up’. [√chup] WPah. bhal. uċhūṇū ‘to lift’. ucchuṣka— see *ut—śuṣka—. ucchr̥ṅgita— see *ut—śr̥ṅga—.

1658 *ucchōṭṭa— ‘very small’. [*chōṭṭa—] Dm. úc̣huṭa, učuṭa, f. °iṭi ‘small’, Bshk. účuṭ, f. ičiṭ.

1659 *ucchyati ‘cuts off’. 2. Caus. ucchāyayati. [√chō] 1. P. ucchṇā ‘to be scratched’ (or der. uchehṇā < ucchēdayati); Or. uchibā ‘to prune, lop’. 2. Or. uchāibā ‘to prune’. Cf. *avacchyati. ucchraya— see *ut—śrāya—. úcchrayati see *ut—śrayati. ucchrāpayati see *ut—śrayati. ucchrāya— see *ut—śrāya—. úcchrita— see *ut—śrita—. úcchrīyatē see *ut—śrīyatē ¹. ucchvasiti see *ut—śvasiti. ucchvāsá— see *ut—śvāsa—. ucchvāsayati see *ut—śvasiti.

1660a *ujjaṅghura— ‘above the shank’. [Cf. údbāhu— ‘with raised arms’ ŚBr.: jáṅghā—] Pr. uzógur ‘knee’?

1660b *ujjaṭa— ‘uprooted, laid waste’. 2. *ujjāṭa—. 3. *ujjāṭī— f. ‘laying waste’. [jáṭā—] 1. Pk. ujjaḍa— ‘laid waste, desolate’, S. ujaṛu (why not j̄?), P. ujjaṛ, Ku. ujaṛ, emph. ujaḍḍa; B. ujaṛ ‘de- populated’; Bi. ujaṛ, ujṛā ‘deserted village’; H. ūjaṛ ‘laid waste, depopulated’; G. ujaṛ, ujjaṛ ‘waterless, barren’. 2. S. ujāṛa ‘waste, desolate’, L. (Jukes) ujāṛ, P. Ku. ujāṛ, N. ujār, A. uzār, B. ujāṛ, Or. ujāṛa; H. ujāṛ ‘waste’, m. ‘a ruin’; G. ujāṛ ‘waterless’; M. uj̈āḍ ‘desolate’. 3. S. ujāṛa f. ‘a waste place’, L. P. ujāṛ f.; A. uzār ‘flight or dispersion from fear’; B. ujāṛ ‘a deserted place’, OMarw. ujāṛi f.; M. uj̈āḍī f. ‘desolation’. *ujjaṭati, *ujjāṭayati.

1661 *ujjaṭati ‘is uprooted’. 2. Caus. *ujjāṭayati. [*ujjaṭa—: jáṭā—] 1. K. wuj^arun ‘to be uprooted’ (lw. with j); S. ujiṛaṇu ‘to be waste’ (lw. with j); L. ujjiṛaṇ, (Jukes) uj̄raṇ ‘to go waste, to abandon one's home’; P. ujjaṛṇā ‘to be laid waste’; A. uzariba ‘to be frightened and dispersed’; Or. ujuṛibā ‘to lay waste’; H. ujaṛnā ‘to be uprooted’. 2. Pk. ujjāḍia— ‘laid waste’; K. wujārun ‘to lay waste’, ḍoḍ. uzāṛṇō, S. ujāraṇu, L. ujāṛaṇ, (Jukes) uj̄°, P. ujāṛṇā, WPah. sod. j̈wārnõ;, Ku. ujāṛṇo, N. ujārnu; A. uzāriba ‘to upturn (earth), expose’; Or. ujāṛibā ‘to uproot, depopulate’; H. ujāṛnā ‘to lay waste’ (→ Mth. ujāṛab ‘to destroy’), G. ujāṛvũ. Addenda: *ujjaṭati: Garh. ujaṛnu ‘to be dilapidated’.

1662 *ujjaḍa— ‘very stupid’. [jaḍa—] H. ujaṛ m. ‘a lout’.

1663 *ujjaḍhu— ‘very stupid’. [*jáḍhu—] H. ujhaṛ, ujjh° ‘stupid’.

1664 *ujjavati ‘goes upstream’. 2. *ujjavana— ‘upstream’. [√jū] 1. Pa. ujjavati ‘goes upstream’; A. uzāiba ‘to go upstream, move towards the head of a bed, come out in a shoal (of fish)’; B. ujāy ‘goes upstream’. 2. Pa. ujjavanikāya adv. ‘upstream’; A. uzani ‘upper part of a stream’, uzān ‘shoal of fish coming out in flood water’; B. ujān ‘flowing tide, upstream’; Or. ujāṇa ‘tidal’, ujāṇi adv. ‘upstream’, H. ujān adv. Semant. satisfactory, but phonet. rather < údyāti, udyā́na—. *ujjavana— see prec.

1665 *ujjāgrat— ‘awake’. [Cf. jā́garti RV. and ujjāgarayati ‘awakens’ Sāh., Pk. ujjāgara—, ujjāara— m. ‘lack of sleep’: √jāgr̥] S. ojāǥo m., °ǥa f. ‘sleeplessness’; P. ujāgar ‘manifest, known’. — Ext. with —ira—: Pk. ujjaggira— n. ‘wakeful- ness’, A. uzāgar; Or. ujāgara ‘awake’; G. ujāgrɔ m. ‘waking at night, anxiety’; M. uj̈āgar, °āgrā, °agrā, °agirā m. ‘wakefulness’, uj̈āgrī f. ‘publicity’. *samujjāgrat—. *ujjāṭa— see *ujjaṭa—. *ujjāṭayati see *ujjaṭati. *ujjāṭī— see *ujjaṭa—.

1668 *ujjvara— ‘shining’. [~ ujjvala—: √jvar] Or. ujar, uñj° ‘bright, light’; G. ujarṛũ n. ‘light’, ujṛũ n. ‘light, twilight’; M. uj̈rī f. ‘brightness’. Addenda: *ujjvara—: Brj. ujer(o) m. ‘light, moonshine’?

1669 *ujjvarati ‘shines’. 2. Caus. *ujjvārayati. [~ ujjval- ati, *ujjvālayati: √jvar] 1. M. uj̈arṇẽ ‘to return to pristine strength, become somewhat intelligent’. 2. M. uj̈arṇẽ ‘to brighten, restore’.

1672 *ujjvāra— ‘bright’. [~ *ujjvālaka—: √jvar] G. ujār, °rũ ‘bright’. — X andhakāra—: G. ujiyārũ ‘bright’. *ujjvārayati see *ujjvarati.

1673 *ujjvālaka— ‘bright’. [~ *ujjvāra—: √jval] S. ujāro ‘bright, light’; P. ujālā m. ‘dawn’ H. ujālā, ũj° m. — X andhakāra—: Ku. ujyālo ‘light’; N. ujyālo ‘dawn’, adj. ‘clear, cheerful’; OAw. ujiārā ‘light’ Saksena EA 77, H. ujyālā, ujelā m. ‘dawn’. *ujjvālayati see újjvalati. Addenda: *ujjvālaka—: S.kcch. ūjāro m. ‘light, twilight’. *ujjvālayati see újjvalati Add². ujjháti: see †;*ujjihītē.

1675 *ujjharati ‘pours out, places, touches’. [√*jhar] Pk. ujjharia— ‘thrown, scattered, glanced at side- ways’, ujjhalia— ‘thrown’; G. ujharṛo m. ‘scratch’, ujhraṛvũ ‘to get the skin scratched’, ujharṛātũ ‘scratch- ing, glancing’; — Kho. uẓúrik ‘to sprinkle (water)’ with ẓ < *ud—gẓhar—. See Morgenstierne NTS xiii 238. — Cf. *ujjhalati.

1676 *ujjhalati ‘pours out’. 2. Caus. *ujjhālayati. [√*jhal] 1. Pk. ujjhalia— ‘thrown’; Or. ujhaḷāibā, ujhuḷ° ‘to clean (tanks or wells), publish secrets, save from distress’; H. ujhalnā, °ilnā ‘to flow from one vessel to another’ (whence tr. ujhīlnā, °elnā ‘to pour’). 2. Or. ujhāḷibā ‘to clear out (tanks or wells), repair (a house), save from distress’; H. ujhālnā ‘to pour out’. — Cf. *avajjhālayati, *ujjharati.

1677 *ujjhāla— ‘pouring out’. [√*jhal] Or. ujhāḷa adj. ‘overflowing’. *ujjhālayati see *ujjhalati.

1678 *ujjhāṣa— ‘shining’. [√jhaṣ] Pk. ujjhāsi— ‘sparkling’; G. ujās m. ‘brightness, light, lucidity’.

1679 *ujjhukkati ‘bends’. [√*jhukk] Bhoj. ujhukal ‘to stagger’. UÑCH ‘gather’: uñchá—, úñchati; prōñchati, prōñchana—. uñchá— m. ‘gleaning, esp. of separate grains’ Mn. [√uñch] aṅgōñcha— ?

1682 *uṭṭaṅka— ¹ ‘weighing’. [ṭaṅka—¹] G. uṭā̃kɔ m. ‘rough estimate of weight, guess’, uṭā̃kvũ ‘to weigh’.

1683 *uṭṭaṅka— ² ‘throwing the legs up’. [Cf. uṭṭīkita— ‘jump- ing’ Rājat.? — ṭaṅka—³] H. uṭaknā ‘to jump, skip’.

1684 *uṭṭaṅga— ‘up the leg’. [ṭaṅka—³] H. uṭaṅgī ‘high up the leg, drawn up (of trousers), shrunk, shrivelled, badly made’.

1685 *uṭṭaṅgana— ‘name of a plant’. S. uṭaṅgaṇu m. ‘seed of Acanthodium hirtum (used in medicine)’; P. uṭaṅgaṇ m. ‘a plant of the order Acanthaceae (given medicinally for impotence)’; H. uṭaṅgan m. ‘a species of nettle the seeds of which are aphrodisiac’.

1686 *uṭṭārayati ‘moves away’. [√*ṭar] Or. oṭāribā ‘to pull, drag, draw water, lift’. — Poss. Pk. uṭṭāra— m. ‘landing place, bank (of a lake, &c.)’ X uttāra—. — Cf. next.

1687 *uṭṭālayati ‘moves away’. [√ṭal ¹] M. uṭāḷṇẽ ‘to turn over’, uṭāḷā m. ‘pushing, a lever’. — Cf. prec.

1688 *uṭṭiṅgala— ‘mound’. [*ṭiṅga— s.v. *ṭakka—³] M. uṭı̃gaḷ, °ãgaḷ n. ‘mound’, adj. ‘abounding in mounds’, adv. ‘unevenly’.

1689 *uṭṭimbara— ‘mound’. [*ṭimba— s.v. *ṭakka—³] M. uṭı̃bar, uṭãb° ‘rugged with mounds’, uṭı̃brā, uṭãb° m. ‘round hill, bump’.

1690 *uṭṭuṅgara— or *uṭṭiṅgara— ‘mound’. [Cf. uttuṅga- ‘high’ MBh. — *ṭuṅga— s.v. *ṭakka—³] M. uṭãgar ‘full of mounds’, m.n. ‘small round hillock, stone placed under a mass which is to be rolled along’. — Cf. next.

1691 *uṭṭuṅgala— ‘mound’. [*ṭuṅga— s.v. ṭakka—³] M. uṭãgaḷ n. ‘mound’, adv. ‘unevenly’; or < *uṭṭiṅgala—. — Cf. prec.

1692 *uṭṭumbara— ‘mound’. [*ṭumba— s.v. *ṭakka—³] M. uṭãbar ‘rugged with mounds’, uṭãbrā m. ‘mound’; — or < *uṭṭimbara—.

1693 *uḍidda— ‘a pulse’. Pk. uḍida— m.; H. uṛad, urad, urd, urdh m. ‘the pulse Dolichos pilosos’; G. aṛad, pl. aṛad or °diyā m. ‘the pulse Phaseolus radiatus’, M. uḍīd m.; — deriv. G. aṛadiyũ n. ‘sweetmeat made of its flour’, M. uḍdī ‘of the colour of uḍīd’. Addenda: *uḍidda—: Brj. udd m. ‘a pulse’ AO 32, 331. uḍḍayatē, uḍḍāpayati see uḍḍīyatē Add².

1698 *uḍḍhālayati ‘throws up’. [√*ḍhal] S. uḍhāraṇu ‘to gather up flour thrown out of a mill’; N. oṛālnu ‘to stir up rice’; — but see uddhārayati. uḍra— see ōḍra—¹.

1703 *utkaṭa— ³ ‘hip’. [Cf. kaṭi— and utkuṭaka—] Si. ukuḷa, °ula ‘hip’, ikiliya ‘hip, groin’ ( < °ṭikā—). Addenda: *utkaṭa—³: Md. ukuḷu ‘buttocks’.

1705 *utkaṭṭa— ‘removing rust’. [*kaṭṭa—¹] G. ukaṭvũ, uṭakvũ ‘to cleanse pots’, ukṭo ‘medicine made from iron rust to cure swollen eyes’.

1706 *utkaḍḍhati ‘drags up’. [Cf. utkarṣati: √*kaḍḍh] Pk. ukkaḍḍhiya— ‘uprooted’; B. ukṛāna, ukhṛāna ‘to root up’.

1712 *utkartati ‘cuts out’. [útkr̥ntati ‘cuts off or out’ ŚBr., Pa. ukkantati ‘cuts out, skins’: √kr̥t ¹] Pk. ukkattaï ‘cuts’ (pp. ukkatta—, ukkitta— < *utkr̥tta—); Gy. pal. úktăr ‘strikes, throws down, casts out’; P. uktāuṇā ‘to vex’; Ku. ukatṇo ‘to fall away, dwindle’, uktāṇo ‘to dry up’; A. okaṭiba ‘to upturn as dirt, expose secret misconduct’; H. ukaṭnā ‘to dig up’, caus. ukṭānā; M. ukaṭṇẽ ‘to chisel a grindstone or millstone, pit or be pitted with smallpox’. — Deriv. M. ukṭī f. ‘chisel for refacing a grindstone’. See *utskartati.

1716 *utkalati ‘goes out or up’, utkalita— ‘rising, prosperous’, utkalayati ‘loosens’ BhP. 2. *utkalyatē. 3. utkālayati ‘drives out’ Śaṁk. [√kal ²] 1. S. ukaraṇu, ukir° ‘to go out, descend’; Ku. ukalṇo ‘to rise’; N. uklanu ‘to ascend’; A. ukaliba ‘to be in excess of a certain number in counting, to be passed (of an age)’; H. ukalnā ‘to boil over’; G. ukaḷvũ intr. ‘to boil’, M. ukaḷṇẽ. 2. S. ukilaṇu ‘to come out, be finished’; M. ukalṇẽ ‘to be loosened, be disentangled, open (of a bud)’, tr. ‘to loosen’. 3. S. ukāraṇu ‘to take down, make descend’; Ku. ukālṇo ‘to raise’, N. ukālnu; H. ukālnā tr. ‘to boil (water, &c.)’; G. ukāḷvũ ‘to cause to boil, make ready, finish’; M. ukaḷṇẽ tr. ‘to boil’; Ko. ukaḷtā ‘lifts’; — A. okāliba ‘to eject from the mouth, retch’ and Or. ukāḷibā ‘to vomit’ prob. belong here but are influenced semant. by forms from *ōkk— ‘vomit’. *utkalyatē see *utkalati. Addenda: *utkalati. 1. S.kcch. aukkarṇū ‘to boil’; WPah.kṭg. ukƏḷnõ; ‘to climb, ascend’, ukkhƏḷnõ; (with kkh from níkkhƏḷnõ; < niṣkalati Him.I 11); Garh. ukaḷnu ‘to climb, ride’; A. ukaliba ‘to pass (as time)’ AFD 332. 3. utkālayati: S.kcch. okārṇū tr. ‘to boil’; WPah.kṭg. kwaḷnõ;, khw° ‘to make ascend’; A. okāliba ‘to eject from the mouth’.

1717 *utkavalayati ‘spits out’. [kavala—] A. ukuliyāiba ‘to eject from the mouth’.

1719 *utkāmayatē ‘desires’. [Cf. kāmáyatē ‘loves’ RV., útka— ‘longing for’ Pāṇ.: √kam] M. ukāvṇẽ ‘to desire’. utkāra— see utkara—. Addenda: *utkāmayatē [Cf. Ir. *kāmaya— in Shgh. čēmb—, čomb- ‘to will, agree’, Wkh. kƏmi—, Sang. kƏmay—]

1720 *utkāla— ‘going up or out’. [√kal ²] WPah. bhad. okālu n. ‘ascent’, sod. kwāḷe; Ku. ukālo ‘uphill slope’, gng. ukāw, N. ukālo; G. ukāḷ m. ‘rise’; M. ukāḷā m. ‘ebullition’; — A. okālā, okalā ‘food spat out’ infl. by okāliba < utkālayati. — Connexion very doubtful with Ash. ọ̄̃karái, ū̃k° ‘upwards, high’, Kt. ukƏŕ ‘steep’. utkālayati see *utkalati. utkāśatē ‘shines out’ BhP. [√kāś] See ávakāśatē. Addenda: *utkāla—: S.kcch. okār m. ‘slope’; WPah.kṭg. kwaḷi f. ‘upward slope’, Wkc. kwāḷ f. utkālayati see *utkalati Add². *utkāsayati see útkasati Add².

1721 *utkāśyati ‘shines’. [Cf. utkāśatē BhP., kāśyatē Dhātup.: √kāś] P. ukāsṇā ‘to kindle, excite, instigate’; G. ukā̃svũ ‘to throw light on, bring prominently into notice’.

1724 *utkīrā— ‘praising’ (?). [Cf. utkīrtayati ‘praises’: √kr̥ ²] S. ukīra f. ‘yearning for’.

1725 *utkucyatē ‘is bent up’. [utkucati ‘bends upwards, crooks, opens (as a flower)’ Kauś. : √kuc] Or. ukucibā ‘to spring up, float, be suspended’; - with metath. uckibā intr. ‘to hang’.

1727 *utkuṭyatē ‘is bent up’. 2. utkōṭayati ‘bends up’ Pāṇ. Kāś. [√kuṭ ¹] 1. Or. ukuṭibā ‘to be fully blown, be manifest’. 2. Pa. ukkōṭēti ‘disturbs a legal question which has been settled’ (cf. ukkōṭaṇa— n. ‘crookedness, perversion of justice’); Pk. ukkōḍiya— m. ‘one who accepts a bribe’; P. okuṛṇā ‘to bend, stretch forward, reach as far as possible’.

1729 *utkuṣati ‘cuts up’. [√kuṣ] Sh. (Lor.) ukuẓoiki ‘to flay, skin’; H. ukusnā ‘to up- root, rip up’.

1731 *utkr̥ta— ‘dug up’. [Cf. utkīrṇa— ‘dug up’ KātyŚr.: √kr̥̄ ¹] Or. ukaṛibā ‘to be uprooted, get loose’. — Cf. *utskr̥ta—.

1733 *utkl̥pti— ‘form’. [Cf. útkalpayati ‘forms, moulds’ AV., kĺ̥pti—, °tí— f. ‘preparation’ ŚBr.: √kl̥p] P. ukkat f. ‘contrivance, invention’; — deriv. ukkatī m., °taṇ f. ‘inventor’. *utkēra— see utkara—. *utkērayati ‘digs up’: see útkirati.

1734 *utkēlyatē ‘is disentangled’. [Cf. útkirati, *utkēra- yati: √kil, √kr̥̄ ¹] Pk. caus. ukkellāviya— ‘unpicked, opened’; H. ukelnā ‘to unravel’; G. ukelvũ ‘to disentangle, make out a badly written letter’.

1735 *utkōṭa— ‘bending towards, bribe’. [Cf. utkōca— m. ‘bribe’ Yājñ.: √kuṭ ¹] Pk. ukkōḍa— n. ‘present to the king’, °ḍā— f. ‘bribe’; H. akor f. ‘bribe, lure (e.g. to an intractable cow)’, akorī m. ‘one who takes bribes’ (or < *ākōṭa— with anal. —kk—, Pa. ākōṭēti ‘knocks against’, Pk. āōḍēi ‘makes enter’). utkōṭayati see *utkuṭyatē.

1738 *utkramyati ‘goes away’. [Cf. kramyati, krām° Pāṇ.: √kram] With metath. N. umkanu ‘to escape’, caus. umkāunu; — rather < *unmukna—.

1742 *utkvātha— ‘boiling up’. [√kvath] M. ukāḍā, ukḍā m. ‘decoction of tamarind with salt for cleaning silver, sultriness’.

1743 *utkṣaṇōti ‘pounds’. [√kṣan ¹] Pk. ukkhaṇaï ‘pounds, husks (rice)’; G. ɔkhaṇvũ ‘to pound’.

1744 *utkṣarati ‘pours out’. [√kṣar] Kt. uc̣är ‘poured out’ Morgenstierne Rep¹ 59; L. deriv. ukhrāṇī f. ‘trough’.

1745 *utkṣāṇayati ‘sifts’. [Cf. Yid. uṣān— ‘to churn’ IIFL ii 193: √*kṣan ²] Gy. bulg. učhan— ‘to sift’ JGLS 3rd ser. vi 23, gr. ušan—; boh. ušān— ‘to knead’; — deriv. hung. učándi ‘sieve’.

1746 *utkṣāra— ‘burnt up’. [kṣārá—¹, √kṣai] A. ukharā ‘hot—tempered, dry, poor (of land)’; M. usar ‘dried up, emaciated’, usar, usrī f. ‘dried and pre- served vegetables and fruits’.

1747 *utkṣāla— ‘pouring out’. [√kṣal] Ku. ukhāl ‘vomit’; H. ukhāl m. ‘vomiting’, ukhāl- pukhāl m. ‘cholera’ (see *prakṣāla—); M. ukhāḷ m. ‘any- thing to produce vomiting’.

1748 *utkṣālayati ‘makes flow out’. [√kṣal] Ku. ukhālṇo ‘to vomit’, gng. ukhāwṇo tr. ‘to pour out from the mouth’; H. ukhālnā ‘to vomit’.

1751 *utkṣubdha— ‘cast up’. [√kṣubh] Pk. ucchuddha— ‘thrown up’ (cf. ucchūḍha— ‘driven out’); M. asūd, °ūt n. ‘repercussion of food in eating or drinking’, asudā j̈āṇẽ ‘to go the wrong way (of food)’.

1751a *utkṣurati ‘scrapes out’. [√kṣur] Md. ukuranī ‘scrapes out’.

1754 *utkhāna— ‘digging up’. [Cf. khānaka— Mn., absol. utkhānam: √khan] Ku. gng. ukhāṇ ‘act of rooting up (a plant or tree)’.

1755 *utkhēllati ‘undo, disentangle’. [√*khēll] S. ukhelaṇu ‘to untie’ (whence intr. ukhilaṇu ‘to be extracted’); Ku. ukhelṇo ‘to open, cancel’; N. ukhelnu ‘to uproot’.

1756 *utkhōllati ‘unties, opens’. [√*khōll] S. ukholaṇu ‘to untie’; WPah. bhal. ukholṇū ‘to open (e.g. a box), to take off (clothes)’; — poss. Gy. arm. ukhl— ‘to open’ or < *udghātayati?

1758 *uttanuka— ‘puffed up, proud’. [tanū́— or úttanōti?] Pk. uttaṇua—, uttuṇa—; A. utanuwā ‘excitable, rash, unsteady’.

1760 *uttapa— ‘heating’. [√tap] M. utav m. ‘drying horse for clothes, betelnuts, &c.’ (semant. cf. uttapta— n. ‘dried flesh’ lex.); — Ko. ota, vota, vata ‘sunshine’?

1763 *uttapti— ‘heat’. [√tap] Bshk. uṭet ‘fever’ poss. < *uṣ—ṭapti— < *uts—tapti—.

1764 *uttapyatē ‘is heated’. [√tap] Pk. uttappa— ‘shining, burning’; Kho. (Lor.) utūpīk ‘to become warm’.

1766 *uttamaputra— ‘the son most removed in order’. [uttamá—, putrá—] S. utotī, utetī ‘next in age (of brothers)’ assimilated < *utoṭrī?

1772 *uttaravātara— ‘north wind’. [úttara—, vātara—?] M. utrāvārā m. ‘northerly wind’.

1773 *uttaravānī— f. ‘north wind’. [úttara—, *vānī—] M. utrāṇ f. ‘north wind’. uttarāṅga— see uttaraṁga—. [úttara—, áṅga—¹]

1779 *uttarika— ‘upper’. [úttara—] Pa. uttarika— ‘upper’, Pk. uttariya—; Kho. (Lor.) tōri ‘upper’ (tōri pōn ‘the upper road’), tóriro ‘higher’: Morgenstierne BelvalkarVol 97 compares uttara—, uttarīya—.

1780 *uttariya— n. ‘the being above’. [úttara—] Pa. uttariya— n.; Si. itiri, ituru ‘remainder, surplus, residual’ D. E. Hettiaratchi Univ. of Ceylon Review vi 290.

1782 *uttarpati ‘jumps out’. [√tr̥p] Phal. utrap— ‘to run’; — or poss. < *upatarpati: both ud and upa compounded with verbs ‘to run’, e.g. úddruta—, úpadravati, úpadhāvati.

1783 *uttala— ‘shallow’. [tala—] G. utḷũ ‘shallow’, M. utaḷ. *uttāḍa— ‘high’ see *utthala—.

1784 *uttāḍayati ‘beats’. [√taḍ ¹] Pk. uttāḍēi ‘beats’; — Ku. uteṛṇo ‘to chastise, rebuke’ but with unexpl. e.

1786 *uttānayati ‘stretches out’. [údatnata 3rd pl. aor. mid. RV.: √tan] M. utāṇṇē ‘to describe, declare’ (< ‘spins out, describes at length’?) or < uktá—.

1788 *uttāpala— ‘impetuous’. [uttāpa—: √tap] Pk. uttāvala— ‘impetuous, quick’, n. ‘impetuosity’; K. wutāwul m. ‘haste, eagerness’; L. utāuḷā ‘hasty, excitable’, P. utāulā; WPah. paṅ. utauḷā ‘swift’, cur. tauḷā; Ku. utaulo ‘swift, hasty’, subst. °li; N. utāulo ‘hasty, impatient’, A. utalā; B. utālā, utalā ‘hasty, passionate’; Or. utaḷā, utālā ‘impatient, uneasy’; OAw. utāila ‘rapid’; H. utāwal, °lā ‘swift, hasty’, utāwal, °lī f. ‘haste’, G. utāvḷũ adj., utāvaḷⁱ f., M. utāvīḷ, utāvḷā adj., utāvaḷ, °vḷī f. Addenda: *uttāpala—: S.kcch. autāvaṛ f. ‘haste’; WPah.kṭg. (kc.) tauḷɔ ‘rash’; J. tāwḷā ‘hot—tempered’.

1789 *uttāpya— ‘heat’. [uttāpa—: √tap] G. utāp, °pɔ m. ‘excessive heat, excitement, anxiety’; M. uttāp, °tap n. ‘an open or sunny place’, utāp, utap ‘sunny, not shaded’.

1790 *uttāyatē ‘is stretched out’. [Cf. tāyátē ‘is stretched’ RV., úttanōti: √tan] Ku. utāṇo, wat° ‘to lie on one's back, be supine’.

1795 *uttutta— ‘pushed up’. [Sk. úttudati ‘pushes up or open’ AV., Pk. uttuyaï ‘pains, distresses’: √tud] M. ututṇẽ ‘to break out into pustules, be in a hurry, fidget’. — Or poss. < uttukta—.

1796 *uttr̥ṇa— ‘without grass’. [tŕ̥ṇa—] Pa. uttiṇa— ‘without grass or straw’; Pk. uttiṇa—, °ṇia— ‘without grass’ (but uttaṇa— ‘grassy’); — M. utaṇṇẽ ‘to strip the grass off a roof’ or perh. a M. cmpd. from taṇ.

1797 *uttr̥ta— ‘passed over or up’. [Cf. uttīrṇa— ‘crossed, landed, escaped’, Pa. uttiṇṇa— ‘drawn out’, n. ‘outlet’: √tr̥̄] Si. utuḷā pret. of uturanavā ‘to overflow’ < úttarati.

1798 *uttr̥dati ‘cuts through’. [Cf. uttr̥ṇatti ‘splits or cuts through’ TBr.: √tr̥d] G. utraṛvũ, utaṛ°, uteṛ° ‘to unsew, unstitch’.

1799 *uttr̥ṣṇa— ‘very thirsty’. [tŕ̥ṣṇā—] M. uttānhṇẽ ‘to be very thirsty’, utānhī f. ‘thirst, keen desire’; — Niṅg. utuník ‘thirst, thirsty’ or with NOGaw 59 cmpd. with ū ‘water’ (cf. Kt. awƏ—tin).

1800 *uttyajana— n. ‘leaving’. [uttyakta— ‘abandoned’ lex.: √tyaj] Pk. uccayaṇijja— ‘to be abandoned’; Ku. ucaiṇo ‘a votive offering put aside for a god if a wish is granted’. *uttraṭṭati ‘cracks’. [√*traṭṭ] See *uttruṭyati.

1803 *uttruṭyati ‘is broken’ [uttruṭita— Kād.: √truṭ] M. utaṭṇẽ intr. ‘to burst, split, crack, snap’; — utāṭṇẽ ‘id.’, utāṭ f. ‘readiness to burst’ with secondary ā or < *uttraṭṭati. *utthaḍa— ‘high’ see *utthala—.

1804 *utthala— ‘high’. 2. *utthaḍa—. 3. uttāla— ‘great, strong, high, abundant’ Śiś. 4. *uttāḍa—. 1. Wg. utálƏ ‘high’, Dm. uthála, Paš. uthā́l, ar. utthṓl, Shum. utthálƏ, Gaw. uthálå, f. uthéli, Kal. urt. uthā́la, rumb. hūtala, Bshk. úthal, ūthál, Tor. (Biddulph) ūtal, f. ūtil, Savi wuthaló, Phal. utthālu; Sh. ŭthắlū ‘high, tall, loud’; K. wŏtul^u , kash. wathal ‘high’. 2. WPah. cur. uthṛā ‘high’. 3. M. utaḷṇẽ ‘to be full and plump, (of fruit) to be ready to be picked’. 4. L. P. utāṛ f. ‘high land, upland’.

1805 *utthalati ‘is upset’. 2. *utthalyati. 3. *utthalyā—. [sthala—?] 1. B. uthlā ‘to overflow, boil over’; Or. uthaḷibā, uthuḷ° ‘to overflow’. 2. Pk. utthallaï ‘jumps up’; S. uthilaṇu ‘to be over- turned’; P. utthallaṇā, utha° tr. ‘to upset’, redup. uthallaṇā—putthalṇā, Ku. uthelṇo (formed from intr. *uthil—); N. uthlanu ‘to be upset’, H. uthalnā, G. uthalvũ; — with metath.: Ku. alathṇo ‘to pour from one vessel to another’; M. ulathṇẽ ‘to be upset’, tr. ‘to upset’. 3. Pk. utthallā— f. ‘overturning’; S. uthala f. ‘flood’; G. uthal—pāthal f. ‘turning upside down’. *utthalyati see prec. *utthalyā— see *utthalati. *utthāti see *ut—sthāti. utthā́na— see *ut—sthā́na—. utthāpana— see *ut—sthāpana—. úthāpayati see *út—sthāpayati. *utthāpyatē see *ut—sthāpyatē. *utthāmayati see *ut—sthāmayati. útthita— see *út—sthita—. Addenda: *utthalati. 2. *utthalyati: S.kcch. othlāṇū ‘to overturn, invert’, authlo m. ‘relapse (in disease)’. *utthalyati see utthalati Add².

1806 *utthūt— ‘choking’. [thūt] L. utthrū m., mult. utthṇū m. ‘fit of choking’; P. utthū, utthrū m. ‘violent coughing’.

1807 *utpakva— ‘quite ripe’. [pakvá—: √pac] Pa. uppakka— ‘scorched, shrivelled up’; M. upikṇẽ ‘to overripen and spoil (of fruit)’.

1808 *utpacyatē ‘boils over’. [Cf. utpācita— ‘thoroughly boiled’ Suśr.: √pac] B. upacāna ‘to boil over, overflow’ (Chatterji ODBL 875 < *utpatyatē); Or. upacibā, upuc° ‘to run over, overflow, abound’.

1809 *utpaṭati ‘bursts open’. 2. utpāṭayati ‘roots up’ SāṅkhŚr. 3. *utpaṭyati ‘is burst open’ (cf. utpāṭyatē ‘is rooted up’ Suśr.) [útpaṭa— m. ‘sap issuing from a cut in a tree’ ŚBr., páṭati ‘splits’ Gr.: √paṭ ¹] 1. Dm. opƏŕāy— ‘to pick, pull out’; Paš. ōpuṛ— ‘to dig up’; — with intransitive meaning after transitives from 3: B. upaṛā ‘to come up by the roots’; Or. upaṛibā, upuṛ° ‘to be uprooted’; M. upaḍṇẽ ‘to come up by the roots’; — G. upaṛvũ ‘to be pulled out, be lifted’ (in last sense poss. < útpatati which in MIA. collides with *utpaṭati). 2. Pa. uppāṭēti ‘splits, roots up’, Pk. uppāḍēi; Ku. upāṛṇo ‘to take up by the roots’; A. upāriba ‘to dig up’; B. upāṛā ‘to pull up’; Or. upāṛibā ‘to uproot’, Mth. upārab, OAw. upāraï, H. upāṛnā; M. upaḍṇẽ ‘to pluck up’; OSi. upuḷanavā ‘to pluck up’, Si. upulvanavā ‘to lift up’. 3. S. upaṭaṇu ‘to open, uncover, expand’; Mth. upaṭab ‘to be uprooted’; G. upaṭvũ ‘(of colours) to fade’, upaṭ f. ‘a piece of turf torn up and put under a wheel’; M. upaṭṇẽ ‘to come up and fall out (of nail, peg, tree), break out, become manifest’; — with secondary trans- itive meaning: H. upāṭnā ‘to root up’; M. upaṭṇẽ ‘to pluck out’; Si. upuṭanavā ‘to uproot’. Cf. *utpalati. *utpaṭyati see prec. Addenda: *utpaṭati. 2. utpāṭayati: Garh. upāṛnu ‘to uproot’; Md. ufuranī ‘plucks out or up’ rather than < *ut- sphārayati ¹.

1811 *utpatta— ‘flown up’. [utpatita—: √pat] Pk. uppatta— ‘loosed, changed’; Sh. (Lor.) op *l/ to ‘flown away, vanished, lost’.

1813 *utpathika— ‘astray’. [utpatha— m. ‘wrong road’ Kāś., adj. ‘astray’ BhP., Pa. uppatha— m., Pk. uppaha— m.: pánthā—] H. upahī m. ‘stranger’.

1816 *utpala— ² ‘a cake’, utpalī— f. ‘a cake of unwinnowed corn’ lex. [‘shaped like a lotus’? — utpala—¹] P. oplā m. ‘dried cowdung prepared for fuel’; Ku. uplo m. ‘cake of cowdung’, H. uplā m., °lī f., EH. uprā m.

1817 *utpalati ‘bursts out’. [Cf. *utpaṭati: √*pal] M. upaḷṇẽ ‘to fall out (of trees from excessive wetness of ground), emit blood at every pore, dissolve into streams and rivulets’, upaḷ, upḷī f. ‘rill oozing from the ground in rainy weather’. utpalī— see *utpala—².

1818 *utpalyāṇa— ‘without saddle’. [palyāṇa—] M. uplāṇā, °ṇī, °ṇū ‘(of a horse) bareback’ (Bloch LM 297 a M. cmpd. u— with palāṇ).

1825 *utpitta— ‘having excess of bile’. [pittá—] M. upīt gheṇẽ or piṇẽ ‘to act in some outrageous way of daring or exertion, be in exceeding hurry’. utpiba— see utpātaka—.

1828 *utpusati ‘swells’. [√pus] Wg. (Lumsden) "ups—ún" ‘to swell’, Kt. aps— Morgen- stierne NTS xvii 228 with (?). — Rather < *utpruṣati.

1829 *utpūyatē ‘is cleansed’. [Cf. utpūta— AitBr. and útpunāti: √pū] M. upaj̈ṇẽ ‘to husk and clean rice by pouring boiling water on it, then pounding, parching, and cooling’, upj̈ā, ubj̈ā m. (after which ubaj̈ṇẽ) ‘rice so cleaned’.

1831 *utpr̥ṣṭha— ‘upside down’. [pr̥ṣṭhá—] L. P. upaṭṭhā, apuṭṭhā ‘upside down, inverted’; H. apūṭhnā ‘to overturn’; — or poss. < *āpr̥ṣṭha— ‘on the back’ > MIA. *āpruṭṭha—.

1832 *utpruṣati ‘bubbles up’. [utprúṣ— f. ‘bubble’ VS.: √pruṣ ¹] Wg. (Lumsden) "ups—ún" ‘to swell’, Kt. aps— (with pre-Indo-aryan us and loss of r between two con- sonants: rather than with NTS xvii 228 < *utpusati); G. upasvũ ‘to rise (of blister or bubble or bread)’; — M. uphusṇẽ ‘to bubble, rumble (of belly)’ with —ph- from uphaḷṇẽ, uphaṇṇẽ < utphalati, *utphaṇati.

1833 *utpraidha— ‘rising up’. [Cf. ḗdhatē ‘increases’ RV., ‘becomes insolent’ MBh., ‘rises’ BhP., praidhatē Pāṇ. com. :√ēdh] Pk. uppēhaḍa— ‘raised, proud’; M. upeḍ ‘elevated and open (of ground)’ LM 297.

1835 *utplavikā—, utplavā— f. ‘boat’ lex. [√plu] Si. ipilla ‘float, outrigger of canoe’. *utplāvayati ‘makes emerge’ see utplavatē.

1836 *utphaṇati ‘springs up’. 2. Caus. *utphāṇayati. [√*phaṇ ²] 1. P. upphaṇnā ‘to swell, suppurate, rot’; Aw. lakh. uphanāwab ‘to burst up (as foam)’; H. uphannā ‘to boil up, ferment’; M. uphaṇṇẽ, uphāṇ° ‘to shoot up briskly, rise in blisters, swell with pride, ferment’. 2. M. uphaṇṇẽ ‘to winnow’ or < or X útpunāti. Addenda: *utphaṇati, *utphāṇayati [Cf. Ir. usfan—: Shgh. sifan- ‘to rise, ascend’, Shgh. X. Rosh. sifēn—t ‘to raise’ EVSh 72] *utphāṇayati see *utphaṇati Add².

1838 *utphāṇa— ‘springing up’. [√*phaṇ ²] H. uphān m. ‘ebullition’; G. uphāṇɔ m. ‘effervescence, arrogance’; — Ku. uphān ‘foam’; G. uphān m. ‘ebulli- tion’, M. uphān n.m. perh. X or < *ut—spanda—. *utphāṇayati ‘makes spring up’ see *utphaṇati.

1841 *utphēnayati ‘foams up’. [phḗna—] M. upheṇṇẽ, uphiṇ° ‘to ferment, become sour and spoilt’.

1842 *ut—śakna— ‘gone up’. [√*śak ²] Pa. ussakkati rises, creeps out’; Pk. ussakkaï ‘goes back, is excised’; P. uskaṇā ‘to spring up’; N. uskanu ‘to get out of’; H. usaknā ‘to be raised’; M. usakṇẽ ‘to drive’; — caus. P. uskāuṇā ‘to cause to spring up’; B. uskāna ‘to raise (wick of an oil lamp)’; Or. uskāibā ‘to uproot (corn), raise (a question)’. — Derivation of the NIA. words < *utsikna— (see *utsukya—) is phonet. possible, but unlikely; or poss. through metathesis < utkarṣati, útkasati. *ut—śadati, *ut—śanna— ‘sunk’ see útsadati, útsanna—.

1843 *ut—śalati ‘springs up’. 2. ucchalati ‘flies up, springs up’ Śiś. 3. *ucchalyati. [√śal] 1. Pk. ūsalaï ‘rejoices’, ūsalia— ‘having the hair stand on end’. 2. Pk. ucchalaï ‘rises, flies up’; Gy. arm. učhel— ‘to go on’; L. ucchalaṇ ‘to jump’, P. ucchalṇā, Ku. uchalṇo; N. uchranu ‘(a pimple) to come out’ (← Bi.?); B. uchalā ‘to overflow’, Or. uchaḷibā, uchuḷ°; OMth. uchalaï ‘overflows, springs up’; H. uchalnā ‘to leap’ (with metath. ulachnā ‘to throw up’?); G. uchaḷvũ ‘to leap’; M. usaḷṇẽ ‘to dash up (as spray)’. 3. Pk. ucchallaï ‘rises, flies up’, S. uchalaṇu, uchil° ‘to spring up’, tr. ‘to cast away’. See *ut—śālayati. Addenda: *ut—śalati: OMarw. ūchaḷaï ‘flies up, flutters’.

1844 *ut—śānti— ‘rest, pause’. [śānti—: √śam ¹] M. usãt, °ãth, °ãdhi f. ‘a pause from labour’.

1845 *ut—śārayati ‘breaks’, cf. śārayati lex. 2. *ut—śr̥ta— ¹ ‘broken’. [√śr̥̄] 1. WPah. bhal. uśārṇu ‘to throw out’; Or. uchāribā ‘to break down forcibly, scatter, throw away’; Si. ihirenavā, isi° ‘to be scattered’ intr. formed from *usuranavā GS 84 (but wrongly < utsārayati). 2. Or. uchuṛibā ‘to be strewn with force, strew with force, scatter’, uchāṛibā ‘to break down forcibly, strew’ (X uchāribā above).

1846 *ut—śāla— ‘leaping up’. [√śal] L. ucchāl m. ‘swelling or running over of a river’; P. uchālī f. ‘vomiting’; Ku. uchāl ‘leap, stride, vomit’; N. uchār— in uchār—pachār ‘raising and dropping’, (Tarai) uchāl ‘wave’; B. uchal ‘flowing over’; Or. uchāḷa ‘vomiting’; H. uchāl f. ‘tossing up, motion up’; G. uchāḷɔ m. ‘leap’; M. usā̆ḷī f. ‘splashing, spurting up’. Addenda: *ut—śāla—: WPah.kṭg. śwáḷɔ m. ‘great noise (from excitement)’, J. śwāḷā m. ‘a great cry’. — WPah.kṭg. ċhā́ḷ f. ‘leap, jump’ rather with Him.I 65 < *chāla- or ← H. chāl f. ‘wave’, K. ċhāl f. ‘jump’.

1847 *ut—śālana— ‘making leap up’. [√śal] Pk. ucchālaṇa— n. ‘causing to jump up’; G. ucchāḷṇī f. ‘auction at which the bids rise by leaps’; M. usaḷṇī f. ‘spurting up’.

1848 *ut—śālayati ‘causes to leap up’. [√śal] Pk. ucchālēi ‘throws up’; P. uchālṇā ‘to toss up’; Ku. uchālṇo ‘to throw up, vomit’; N. uchārnu ‘to lift up’; Or. uchāḷibā ‘to vomit, clean out a well’; H. uchālnā ‘to throw up, dandle’; G. uchāḷvũ, ach° ‘to throw up, shake up the contents of a pot’. — See *ut—śalati.

1849 *ut—śiras— ‘pillow’. [ucchiras— ‘with raised head’ Kālid., cf. *ut—śīrṣa—: śíras—] Kt. wuċéŕ, °ċir ‘pillow’ (Rep¹ 56 < *avaśiras—, NTS xvii 220 < *upaśiras—, cf. upaśiras adv. ‘on the head’ Kauś.); — Wg. uċḗ, uċẽ́ (less prob., though poss., < ōpaśá— NTS. xvii 220).

1850 *ut—śiṣṭa—. 2. úcchiṣṭa— ‘left over, stale, spat out’ TS., n. ‘leavings’ AV. [uñśiṣṭa— MaitrS. :√śiṣ] 1. Sh. (Lor.) ušūto (ṭ?) ‘foul, unclean’. 2. Pa. ucchiṭṭha—, °aka—, uttiṭṭha— ‘left over, impure’, Pk. ucchiṭṭha—; K. ċheṭh, dat. °ṭas m. ‘refuse of food’; Ku. uchiṭo ‘sudden choking’; M. uṣṭā (< *uśiṭhā) ‘left, rejected (of food), foul, used’, uṣṭẽ n. ‘stale food, un- washed dish’, deriv. uṣṭāviṇẽ ‘to defile by tasting’. - Si. ujul, in̆dul ‘left over from a meal, impure, leavings’ (Hettiaratchi Indeclinables 8) certainly with H. Smith JA 1950, 180 ← Drav. cf. Kan. eñjal. *ut—śiṣṭāvali—.

1851 *ut—śiṣṭāvali— ‘line of leavings’. [*ut—śiṣṭa—, āvali—] M. uṣṭāvaḷ f. ‘line of leavings where a public meal has been held’ < *uśiṭh—.

1852 *ut—śīrṇa— ‘boiled’. [Cf. ā́śīrta— RV. :√śrā] Or. usunā ‘rice boiled in the husk’ (rather than < *ut—śrāṇa— or *ut—śūrṇa—), Bi. usinā, usnā. — Cf. *ut—śr̥ta—².

1853 *ut—śīrṣa—, ucchīrṣaka— m. ‘one who has raised his head’ Suśr., n. ‘pillow’ Mn. [Cf. *ut—śiras—: śīrṣá—] Pa. ussīsaka— n. ‘head of bed, pillow’; Pk. ussīsa—, ūsīsaya—, ūsasī— f. ‘pillow’, Kal. uṣíṣ; H. ūsīsā, us° m. ‘head of bed, pillow’; G. uśīsũ n. ‘pillow’ (uśīkũ perh. due to influence of a loanword from Sk. with ṣ pro- nounced as kh); — Pk. ūsaa— n., M. usẽ n. ‘head of bed, pillow’, uśī, ũ° f. ‘pillow’ poss. through haplology < *ussissa— or with Bloch LM 299 < ōpaśá—. — H. osīsā, m. ‘head of bed, pillow’, G. osīsũ, osīkũ n. ‘pillow’ poss. < avaśīrṣaka—. *ut—śuka— ‘eager’ see *utsukya—.

1854 *ut—śuṣka— ‘dried up’. [Cf. ucchuṣka— ‘withered’ Kathās., ucchuṣyati ‘dries up’ ChUp., Pa. ussussati: √śuṣ ¹] Pr. üškyö ‘dry’; Kho. usukik, os° ‘to wither, cease suckling (a child), come to an end’ (or < *avaśuṣka—). Or both may be < *upaśuṣka—, cf. upaśuṣyati ‘dries up’ TS., Pa. upasussati.

1855 *ut—śuṣṭa— ‘dry’. [√śuṣ] Pr. ištī ‘dry wood’. *ut—śūrṇa— ‘boiled’ see *ut—śīrṇa—. Addenda: *ut—śuṣṭa— [Cf. Ir. in Shgh. zigů g d, pret. ziyux̌t ‘to dry up’ < *uz—hauša—, *uz—hušta— EVSh 109]

1856 *ut—śr̥ṅga— ‘having upright horns’. [Cf. ucchr̥ṅgita- Śiś.: śŕ̥ṅga—] Kho. uṣúṅ ‘young male ibex’ BelvalkarVol 86, (Lor.) ‘female ibex’. Horns of adult males curve back more and more as they grow, those of females and young males are shorter and straighter (see Lydekker, Great and Small Game of India v 101). *ut—śr̥ta— ¹ ‘broken’ see *ut—śārayati.

1857 *ut—śr̥ta— ² ‘boiled’. [Cf. śr̥tá— ‘cooked’ RV.: √śrā] Or. usilā ‘prepared from parboiled paddy’. — Cf. *ut—śīrṇa—. *ut—śrapayati ‘boils’ see *ut—śrāyati.

1858 *ut—śrayati, úcchrayati ‘raises’, °tē ‘rises’ RV. 2. *ut- śrāpayati, ucchrāpayati ‘raises’ VS. 3. *ut—śrāpaṇa—. [√śri] 1. Pa. ussēti ‘raises’; Wg. uṣē— ‘to take on the back’; B. ũchā ‘to shake or toss in a frying pan’. 2. Pa. ussāpēti ‘lifts up’, Pk. ussavēi, ūsa°, ōs°; Ash. uṣā́— ‘to put on the back’; B. ũchāna ‘to raise up’; OSi. huvay absol. ‘having raised’, Si. osavanavā, usuv°, ussanavā ‘to raise’. 3. Pa. ussāpana— n. ‘raising’; M. usāṇ n. ‘extra high tide, sudden overflowing of a river’. Addenda: *ut—śrayati. 2. *ut—śrāpayati: M. usavṇẽ ‘to rise (of the sun)’. *ut—śrāpayati see *ut—śrayati Add².

1859 *ut—śrāṇa— ‘boiled’. [Cf. śrāṇa— Pāṇ.: √śrā] H. usānnā ‘to boil’; — deriv. caus. usnānā, intr. usannā ‘to be boiled’ (or < *ut—śrīṇāti). — Or. usunā ‘half—boiled’ rather < *ut—śīrṇa—. *ut—śrāta— ‘boiled’ see *ut—śrāyati. *ut—śrāpaṇa—, *ut—śrāpayati ‘raise’ see *ut—śrayati.

1860 *ut—śrāya—, ucchrāyı̄́— f. ‘raised piece of wood’, °ya— m. ‘elevation, height’, ucchraya— m. Yājñ. [Cf. samuc- chraya— m., Pa. samussaya— m. ‘accumulation’: √śri] Pk. ucchāya—, ussaya— m. ‘height’; L. ussā m. ‘heap of grass or fodder’ < °āya— or °aya—.

1861 *ut—śrāyati intr. ‘boils’. 2. *ut—śrapayati tr. ‘boils’ 3. *utśrāta—. [śrā́yati Dhātup., śrātá— RV., śrapáyati AV.: √śrā] 1. Kt. auṣo— intr. ‘to boil’, Wg. ṳ̄ṣ—, uṣū—, Pr. uṣu—, wu°; — Ash. wō̤^uṣ— or < *viśrāyati. 2. Ku. usyāuṇo, wasyūṇo ‘to cook by boiling, to boil’; Or. usāı̃bā ‘to warm paddy over a fire in preparing parboiled rice’. 3. Ash. wō̤ṣō adj. ‘boiling’; Ku. usuā ‘parboiled’. Addenda: *ut—śrāyati: Md. ussanī ‘makes rise (of bread), kneads’? or < *ut—śrīyatē ¹.

1862 *ut—śrita—, úcchrita— ‘raised’ ŚBr. [√śri] Pa. ussita— ‘erected, high’, Pk. ucchiya—, ussiya—, ūsi°; G. uchiyɔ m. ‘borrowed money’; — Aś. usaṭa— ‘raised, eminent’ though generally despite phonet. difficulties put here (see E. H. Johnston JRAS 1931, 571) is rather < utsr̥ta—. — Deriv. G. uchītũ, °īnũ ‘borrowed’.

1863 *ut—śrīṇāti ‘boils’. [Cf. śrīṇā́ti ‘cooks’ Dhātup.: √śrā] Gy. pal. šnăr, caus. šnaúăr ‘burns’ (or < śrīṇā́ti); N. usinnu ‘to cook by boiling’, H. usinnā (usannā ‘to be boiled’ is rather deriv. usānnā, see *ut—śrāṇa—).

1864 *ut—śrīyatē¹, úcchrīyatē ‘is raised’ ŚBr. [√śri] G. ucharvũ ‘to be brought up, be trained, be edu- cated’, ucharyũ—pācharyũ ‘reared with great care’; - deriv. uchervũ tr. Addenda: *ut—śrīyatē¹: Md. ussanī ‘makes rise (of bread)’? or < *ut—śrāyati.

1865 *ut—śrīyatē ² ‘is boiled’. [√śrā] H. usījnā ‘to cook by boiling’ (whence intr. usijnā ‘to be boiled, to bubble up’). — Collides with usījhnā < *utsidhyati.

1866 *ut—śvasiti, ucchvasiti ‘takes a deep breath’ Gobh. 2. *ut—śvāsayati, ucchvāsayati ‘causes to breathe again, gladdens, raises’ BhP. [√śvas ¹] 1. Pk. ussasaï ‘sighs’, M. usasṇẽ. 2. Pk. ūsāsia— ‘freed from distress’; Or. uśāsibā ‘to lessen’, uśāsiā ‘lighter’; H. usāsnā ‘to breathe’; M. usāsṇẽ ‘to sigh, swell and heave, rise and look full (of the breasts)’. *ut—śvāta— ‘swollen’ see next. Addenda: *ut—śvasiti. 1. OMarw. (Vīsaḷa) absol. usasāi ‘(horse) panting’. 2. *ut—śvāsayati, ucchvāsayati ‘causes to breathe again’, BhP.: WPah.kṭg. śwáuṇõ; ‘to yawn’. - swásṇõ; ‘to sigh’ ← H. usās m. ‘sigh’ < *ut—śvāsa—, ucchvāsa—.

1867 *ut—śvāyati ‘swells up’. 2. caus. *ut—śvāyayati 3. *ut—śvāta— ‘swollen’. [Cf. ucchūna— ‘swollen’, śváyati ‘swells’ ŚBr., caus. śvāyayati: √śvi] 1. Ku. usyāṇo, wasā° intr. ‘to swell’. 2. WPah. jaun. uśāwṇõmacr; ‘to swell’. 3. Ku. gng. waśāyõ; ‘swollen’. *ut—śvāyayati ‘makes swell’ see prec. Addenda: *ut—śvāyati: WPah.kṭg. śwā́ṇõ; ‘to swell’.

1868 *ut—śvāsa—, ucchvāsá— m. ‘froth’ RV., ‘deep breath’ KātyŚr. [√śvas ¹] Pa. nirussāsa— ‘breathless’; Pk. ussāsa—, ūsā°, ucchā° m. ‘deep breath’; K.wāh (< *uhāh— < *uśśāśa—) f. ‘palpitation or throbbing (of heart &c. and marked by panting)’; N. usis—nisis ‘breathlessness’ (< *usās—nisās, see ni- śvāsa—); A. uh, uxāh ‘breath’; MB. uchāsa ‘sigh’; Or. usāsa ‘relief from disease, ease’; Mth. usās ‘comfort’; OAw. usāsa ‘sigh’; H. usās, usā̃s m. ‘breath, sigh’ (← L. usās m.); OMarw. usāsa m. ‘sigh’; OG. ūsāsa m. ‘inhaling’, G. uśvās m. ‘deep breath’ (v ← Sk.); M. usās, °sā m. ‘sigh, deep breath’. *ut—śvāsayati ‘makes breathe’ see *ut—śvasiti. Addenda: *ut—śvāsa—, ucchvāsá— m. ‘froth’ RV., ‘deep breath’ KātyŚr.: WPah.kṭg. śwái f. ‘yawn’ (< *uśśāha—); A. uśāh, phonet. uxah ‘breath’, *uhāh > uwāh, uh AFD 224. *ut—śvāsayati see *ut—śvasiti Add².

1872 *utsadhānī— ‘spring of water’. [Cf. utsadhí— ‘re- ceptacle of a spring’ RV. and *udadhānī—: útsa—, dhā́na—] Shum. učä́nik ‘spring’, A. uhani ‘a place with many springs’; — Paš. weg. unčaṛék ‘spring’ < *učãṛ—?

1877 *utsavati ‘rises’. [Cf. utsuvati ‘causes to go up’ Kāṭh.: √sū] Pk. ussavēi ‘raises’; M. usavṇẽ ‘to rise (of the sun)’. Addenda: *utsavati: rather < *ut—śrāpayati Add².

1880 *utsāra— ‘going out’, utsāraka— m. ‘porter’ lex. 2. ‘rising, raising’. [√sr̥] 1. Pk. ūsāra— m. ‘leaving, abandoning’. 2. S. osāra f. ‘building’, osārī f. ‘building of a wall’; P. usārā m. ‘building’, (‘room on the top of a house, porch, vestibule’ perh. < *avasāra—²). See útsarati, utsārayati.

1884 *utsidhyati ‘cooks’. [√sidh ²] H. usījhnā ‘to cook by boiling over a slow fire’. - Collides with usījnā < *ut—śrīyatē ².

1885 *utsīvayati ‘unsews’. 2. Pass. *utsīvyatē. [But utsyūtá— ‘sewn up’ TS.: √siv] 1. M. usaviṇẽ ‘to open a seam, rip open’. 2. M. usavṇẽ ‘to be opened up in the seams’. *utsīvyatē ‘is unsewn’ see prec. utsuka— see next.

1886 *utsukya— ‘eagerness’. [Cf. utsuka— ‘anxious, eager’ MBh., Pa. ussuka— ‘eager’, NiDoc. osuǵa—, Pk. ucchua—, ussuga—, ōsua—; autsukya— n. ‘longing for’ MBh., NiDoc. osukya—. Pa. uss— regularly < ut—s— contradicts the theory of Wackernagel and Debrunner KZ 67, 155 f., accepted by EWA i 9, of hypersanskritism < MIA. *icchua— (cf. Sk. Pk. icchu—). — If not conn. suvatē, sutá— ‘incited’ ŚBr., it may rather be sanskritization of MIA. ussua—, ucchua— < *ut—śuka— cf. ucchōcáyant- ‘inflaming’ AV. (J. C. Wright). — √sū or √śuc] Pa. ussukka— n. ‘eagerness’, ussukkati ‘endeavours’; Pk. ussukka— ‘eager’, ōsukkaï ‘is keen’; P. uskaṇā ‘to be excited’, B. uskā, H. usaknā; — caus. Pa. ussukkāpēti ‘practises eagerly’; Pk. ussukkāvaï ‘makes eager’; P. uskāuṇā ‘to excite’, WPah. bhal. uskāṇū, Ku. uskauṇo, B. uskāna, Or. usukāibā, usk°, H. uskānā. — Derivation of the NIA. words < *utsikna— is phonet. possible, but unlikely: Sk. utsikta— ‘overflowing, raised, proud’ MBh., Pk. ussikkaï, ūsi° ‘throws up, leaves’. — NIA. homonyms with the meaning ‘raise’, though the semantic development (‘excite’ > ‘raise’) is possible, are prob. < *ut—śakna—.

1887 *utsumbhati ‘sobs chokingly’. [subhnā́ti ‘chokes’ TS., sumbhati Kāṭh.: √subh] Pk. ūsumbhia— n. ‘weeping till a feeling of choking comes’; M. usãbṇẽ, os° ‘to sob’. utsuvati see *utsavati.

1891 *utsōḍhi— ‘effort’. [Cf. utsāha— and sōḍha— MBh.: √sah] Pa. ussōḷhi— f. ‘exertion’, Si. usoḷiya.

1892 *utskadati ‘jumps up’. [Cf. utkandati ‘springs away’ Pāṇ. com.: √skand] Woṭ. Sv. ukh— ‘to rise (of sun), climb’. — Perh. rather with G. Buddruss Woṭ 132 < útkasati with kh for k after Sv. nikh— < *niṣkasati, but with loss of —s— unexpl.

1893 *utskara— ‘digging out’. 2. *utskala—, [√*skr̥̄, √kr̥̄ ¹] 1. K. wŏkhur m. ‘overturning’; M. ukhrī f. ‘scale, scab’. 2. Or. ukhlā ‘revealing family secrets’.

1894 *utskaraṇa— ‘digging out’. [√*skr̥̄, √kr̥̄ ¹] G. ukharṇũ n. ‘disclosing the secrets of others’.

1895 *utskarati ‘digs out’. 2. *utskalati. 3. Caus. *utskā- rayati. 4. *utskālayati. 5. *utskr̥ta—. [√*skr̥̄, √kr̥̄ ¹] 1. K. wŏkharun ‘to turn upside down (e.g. in poking coals in a brazier)’; Or. ukhuribā ‘to poke, stir up’; M. ukharṇẽ ‘to scratch up, loosen or detach from’. 2. Pk. ukkhaliya— ‘rooted up’; Ku. wakhalṇo ‘to be rooted up’. 3. Or. ukhāribā ‘to poke, stir up’. 4. N. ukhālnu ‘to uproot’; G. ukhāḷvũ ‘to eradicate, detach’; M. ukhaḷṇẽ ‘to work a field for the first time, destroy by pulling out’ (whence intr. ukhaḷṇẽ ‘to be- come loose’). 5. (a) MIA. *ukkhaḍa—: L. ukkhaṛaṇ ‘to be torn up’; P. ukkhaṛnā ‘to be plucked out’; Ku. ukhaṛṇo ‘to be uprooted’; B. ukhṛā ‘to get loose’; Or. ukhaṛibā ‘to be uprooted’; Mth. ukhaṛab ‘to be pulled out’; Bhoj. ukh^aral ‘to pull’; H. ukhaṛnā ‘to be rooted up’, G. ukhaṛvũ — whence caus. L. ukhāṛaṇ ‘to tear up’; P. ukhāṛnā ‘to pluck out’; Ku. ukhāṛṇo ‘to uproot’ (→ N. ukhāṛnu), Or. ukhāṛibā, Mth. ukhāṛab, Aw. lakh. ukhārab, H. ukhāṛnā, G. ukhāṛvũ, M. ukhaḍṇẽ (Bloch LM 295 < Pk. ukkaḍḍhaï, *utkaḍḍhati). (b) MIA. *ukkhiḍa—: S. ukhiṛaṇu ‘to be torn up’; - whence caus. Pa. ukkhēṭita— ‘spat out, thrown off’; S. ukheṛaṇu ‘to loosen, disjoin’; P. ukheṛṇā ‘to pluck out’; H. ukheṛnā ‘to root up’, G. ukheṛvũ. (c) MIA. *ukkhuḍa—: Pk. ukkhuḍaï ‘breaks’; P. ukkhuṛnā ‘to be plucked out’; Or. ukhuṛibā ‘to be up- rooted’; — whence caus. Pk. ukkhōḍia— ‘rooted up’. — But see *khuṭ ¹. See útkirati. Addenda: *utskarati: WPah.kṭg. khɔ́ri cf. ‘irritation’ (< *ukkhaur—?) Him.I 33.

1896 *utskartati ‘cuts out’. 2. *utskr̥tta—. [√*skr̥t¹, √kr̥t ¹] 1. S. ukhaṭaṇu ‘to engrave, to issue out’ (the latter due to the double meaning of ukiraṇu < (1) útkirati and (2) utkalati). 2. Pk. ukkhutta— ‘cut’. See *utkartati. *utskalati, *utskārayati, *utskālayati, *utskr̥ta- ‘dig out’ see *utskarati. Addenda: *utskartati [Cf. Ir. *skr̥ntati in Shgh. x̌ičand— ‘to cut off’, *skr̥sta— in Shgh. x̌ičux̌t EVSh 188]

1897 *ut—stambha— ‘support’. [Cf. údastambhīt RV., Pk. uṭṭhaṁbhaï ‘supports’: √stambh] OG. uṭhaṁbha m.

1898 *ut—str̥ta— ‘spread out’. [√str̥] Pk. utthiya—, utthaya— ‘spread out’; S. uthiṛaṇu ‘to be opened out (of tobacco in a pipe), be removed, be knocked away’.

1899 *ut—sthala— ‘shallow’. [sthala—] H. uthal, uthlā ‘shallow, shelving, shallow—minded’; M. uthaḷ ‘shallow’. — Poss. same as utsthala— n. ‘name of an island’ Kathās.; BHSk. Pk. utthala— m.n. ‘sand- hill, dry sandy place’.

1900 *ut—sthāti ‘stands up’. 2. Reformed as *utthāti. [úttiṣṭhati, udásthāt RV.; pres. —*sthāti formed after —sthā— in aor., fut., inf., and ger.: √sthā] 1. Pa. uṭṭhāti ‘stands up’, Pk. uṭṭhaï, °ṭhēi; Gy. arm. uthlu— ‘to stay, wait’, as. ušt— ‘to arise’, gr. hung. ušti—, wel. ušt—, Ash. õmacr;st—; Wg. oštā— ‘to rise, fly’ (also as lw. ut—: see below); Bashg. "osht—" ‘to rise’, Kt. ušt—, Pr. ušti—, Gaw. uṣṭi—, Kal. rumb. uṣṭim ‘I rise’; S. uṭhaṇu ‘to spring up, be produced’ (← East, beside uthaṇu see below); L. uṭṭhaṇ ‘to get up, stand’, P. uṭṭhṇā, WPah. bhad. cur. uṭhṇū, Ku. uṭhṇo, N. uṭhnu, A. uṭhiba, B. uṭhā, oṭhā, Or. uṭhibā, OMth. ūṭhaï, Bhoj. ūṭhal, uṭh°, Aw. uṭhab, H. uṭhnā, OMarw. OG. ūṭhaï, G. uṭhvũ, M. uṭhṇẽ; Ko. uṭā—, uṭṭā— ‘to stand’. 2. Aś. jau. 3 sg. opt. uthāye ‘let him exert himself’; Wg. ut— ‘to rise’ (← Dard. beside oštā— see above); Dm. uth— ‘to rise, be left behind’; Tir. uthum ‘I stand’; Shum. utth— ‘to rise’; Mai. ky. uth— ‘to stand up’, Phal. 1 sg. utthū́m, Sh. koh. ŭthōnu̯, K. wŏthun, kash. absol. wathi (ḍoḍ. uṭhṇo ← WPah.), S. uthaṇu. — Deriv. caus. Sh. gil. ŭtharóĭki̯ ‘to awaken’, S. uthāraṇu. See *ut—sthita—, *ut—sthāpayati. Addenda: *ut—sthāti: WPah.kc. vṭhṇo ‘to rise, stand up’; A. uṭhiba (phonet. uth—) ‘to rise’.

1901 *ut—sthāna— ‘act of rising’. 2. Reformed as utthā́na- n. ŚBr, ‘starting on an expedition’ Mn., ‘manly effort’ MBh. [√sthā] 1. Pa. uṭṭhāna— n. ‘rising, manly vigour’; Aś. gir. usṭāna—, man. uṭhana—, kāl. uṭhāna— ‘exertion’; Pk. uṭṭhāṇa— n. ‘rising, origin’; P. uṭhāṇ m. f. ‘act of rising’; Ku. uṭhāṇ f. ‘starting, beginning’; N. uṭhān ‘rising up’; B. uṭhāni ‘ascent, slope’; Or. uṭhāṇa ‘high land’, °ṇī ‘steepness’; Mth. uṭhān ‘power of rising’; H. uṭhān f. ‘act of rising’; M. uṭhāṇū̃ n. ‘a rising on the body, tumour’. 2. Aś. shah. uthana— ‘exertion’; Pk. utthāṇa— n. ‘courage, strength’; S. uthāṇī f. ‘morning’; A. uthān ‘a boiling up’.