History of the Non-Han Peoples of South-West China(Coordinator: Daniels, Christian)The history of the non-Han peoples who originally inhabited present-day South-West China is oneof gradual incorporation into Chinese Empire. Increased immigration by Han Chinese and the policiesadopted by the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties brought increasingly larger numbers of the non-Hanpeoples under the direct control of the central government. Subsequent loss of autonomy wroughtgreat changes on their indigenous societies, intensified dislocation and in many cases forced migration;the movement of hill tribes to mainland South-East Asia is a better known example. Few studies in thepast have attempted to develop analytical tools which integrate methodological and empiricalapproaches to explain the complexity of this historical process.As a first move in this direction, this project aims to promote general research on the history ofthis region, which has previously received little attention from historians, first by providing a forumfor debate and the exchange of ideas, and second by collecting and processing historical sourcematerials. While emphasizing the need for analysis from the standpoint of the non-Han peoples inorder to redress Han Chinese cultural bias, efforts are also being made to create an environment forinterdisciplinary explorations by including cultural anthropologists, ethnologists, folklorists as well ashistorians among the participants.Social Change and International Relations in Modern East Asia(Coordinator: Nakami Tatsuo)During the last ten years access to archival sources relating to modern East Asia has becomeeasier, and now historians face the problem of how to systematically collect and digest this huge bodyof materials. This project focuses on the utilization of archival sources for historical analyses instudies relating to social change and international relations in East Asia between the eighteenth andtwentieth centuries. Symposia with guest speakers are held twice a year and monographs andcollections of source materials are being published.Creation of Ethnic Identities in Modern Central Asia(Coordinator: Shinmen Yasushi)Central Asia is changing remarkably now. Republics of the former Soviet Union are enjoyingindependence, and the Xinjiang Uighur autonomous region is showing a rapid economic development.Under such a situation each ethnic culture seems to be very intensified. This could be viewed as akind of rediscovery or creation of ethnic cultural tradition. Such a framework of ethnicities ornationalities in Central Asia such as Uzbek, Kazakh, Tajik, Uighur was not so clear before the modernperiod but was definitely formed by political authorities in the 20th century.In the earlier period, Central Asia had a multiplicated society which consisted of oasis inhabitantsand nomadic people, and which was based on Turkic-Islamic culture common among them. However,Central Asia was conquered by China and Russia in the 18th-19th centuries, and the framework ofethnic groups which we see now was formed artificially in the first half of the 20th century throughforcible splitting of ethnic groups by the Soviet government and identification of ethnic groups by theXinjiang Province government. As a result of this political process, some troubles arose and someconflicts took place. But such a framework promoted a kind of creation of new ethnic identities andformation of new ethnic cultures.7
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