pilgrimages, and the international negotiations on trade and customs. All of these items will beresearched from diversified points of view and be located in the context of the long Western Asianhistory. We plan to present a new framework for the understanding of the modern international politicsthrough this project.Al-Afghani and Modern History of the Muslim World(Coordinator: Iizuka Masato)Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (d.1897), now considered as a Persian, was one of the most influentialfigures in the modern Muslim world. He visited many Muslim countries including Afghanistan, India,Egypt and the Ottoman Empire, and wherever he went, he warned the growing danger of Europeaninvasion and urged the need for unity of Muslims in order to fight against it. As he thought that innerdecay, such as despotism, intellectual stagnation and factionary fights among the rulers, was majorsource of the weakness of Muslim states, he strongly encouraged Muslim youth to fight forconstitutional liberties, Islamic reform and Pan-Islamism. His political, social and theologicalrevolutionary thought attracted a number of Muslims, and even now, main trend of Muslimintellectuals continues to adopt his attitude. This project aims to re-examine modern history of theMuslim world and the meaning of “modernity” for Muslims, through the study of his thought,activities and influences upon the various Muslim countries. Asian and African Language Acquisition Program(Coordinator: Kaji Shigeki)This program which is composed of scholars of Asian and African languages, aims at studying themost effective teaching methods for providing students with a practical competence in targetlanguages. Every year three languages are taught intensively. This is followed by detailed discussionas to teaching methods, time schedule, evaluation of the course etc. The objectives of these languagecourses include: 1. imparting oral and written skills to students; 2. offering training in the scientificstudy of languages and practical applications of such studies; and 3. helping students to get equippedfor graduate school level field research.12Little Indian Ladies on the StreetThough there is no knowing what they aretalking about, seriousness in their eyes tells ussomething important. About their boy friends?Dowry problem? Hindu nationalism? OrBomb test? On Pheroze Shah Road in thecentral part of New Delhi.(Photo by M. Naito: August 1998)
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